Opitz/GBBB (MID1 Known Mutation)
- Synonyms: OPITZ-G Syndrome TYPE I, X-linked Opitz Syndrome, OS
- LIS Mnemonic: MBMIDKNPT
Collect
Collect whole blood in a purple top (EDTA) tube.
Volume Required
5 ml
Minimum Required
3 ml
Transport
Refrigerate sample until shipment. Send the sample at room temperature with overnight delivery for receipt Monday through Friday within 24 hours of collection.
Stability
Whole blood can be refrigerated until shipment.
Unacceptable conditions
Heparinized specimens, severely hemolyzed specimens, frozen, clotted or possibly commingled specimens, blood in non-sterile or leaky containers, mislabeled or inappropriately labeled specimens.
Specimen Handling
Do not heat, freeze or centrifuge blood before shipment. Refrigerate sample until shipment.
Days Performed
Mon - Fri 9:00am to 4:00pm
Reported
2-3 weeks
CPT
81479
Disease Information
Clinical Features:
Opitz syndrome (OS), also known as GBBB syndrome, is a multiple congenital anomaly disorder that primarily affects midline structures. OS usually presents with ocular hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate, tracheo-esophageal clefts, and hypospadias. Laryngo-tracheo-esophageal (LTE) abnormalities maybe the cause of perinatal and early infant death in affected individuals. Developmental delay and mental retardation are observed in about 50% of affected males. The prevalence of OS is estimated to be from one in 50,000 to one in 100,000 males.
Molecular Genetics:
There are two different modes of inheritance: X-linked (type I) and autosomal dominant (ADOS; type II). The gene responsible for the X-linked form of OS, MID1, has been identified at Xp22.3. Mutations in the MID1 gene (including missense, nonsense, deletions, insertions and exon duplications) have been identified in 36-100% of the families with X-linked inheritance. The pathogenetic mechanism of the disease is likely to be the loss of MID1 protein function (i.e., haploinsufficiency).
Test Methods:
Sequence analysis of the mutation previously identified in a family member will be performed.
Detection Rate:
The analytical sensitivity is close to 100% for mutations identified by DNA sequencing and deletion analysis.
Related Tests:
Prenatal testing is available to individuals who are confirmed carriers of mutations in the MID1 gene. Please contact the laboratory director to discuss appropriate testing prior to collecting a prenatal specimen.
Results:
Test results with interpretation will be mailed and/or faxed to the referring physician following completion of the test. Additional reports will be provided as requested.
Utility:
Any patient with congenital midline abnormalities of unknown origin would be a candidate for MID1 testing. Testing for mutations in the MID1 gene would aid in diagnosis, serve to differentiate between the X-linked form and the autosomal dominant form of the disease, and facilitate genetic counseling for recurrence risk.
Remarks
Whole blood in EDTA purple top tubes is the preferred sample. High molecular weight genomic DNA, cheek epithelial cells, or other samples containing DNA may be acceptable. Contact the laboratory for specific instructions regarding such samples before sending the sample.
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