Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A Deficiency (CPT1A1 Known Point Mutation Analysis)
- LIS Mnemonic: MBCPTPT
Collect
Collect whole blood in a purple top (EDTA) tube.
Volume Required
3 ml
Minimum Required
3 ml
Transport
Refrigerate sample until shipment. Send the sample at room temperature with overnight delivery for receipt Monday through Friday within 24 hours of collection.
Stability
Whole blood can be refrigerated until shipment.
Unacceptable conditions
Heparinized specimens, severely hemolyzed specimens, frozen, clotted or possibly commingled specimens, blood in non-sterile or leaky containers, mislabeled or inappropriately labeled specimens.
Specimen Handling
Do not heat, freeze or centrifuge blood before shipment. Refrigerate sample until shipment.
Days Performed
Mon - Fri 9:00am to 4:00pm
Reported
2-3 weeks
CPT
81479
Disease Information
Clinical Features:
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a disorder of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Clinical symptoms usually occur in an individual with a concurrent febrile or gastrointestinal illness when energy demands are increased; onset of symptoms is usually rapid. The three recognized phenotypes are hepatic encephalopathy, in which individuals (typically children) present with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and sudden onset of liver failure; adult-onset myopathy, (seen in one individual of Inuit origin); and acute fatty liver of pregnancy, in which the fetus is homozygous for the CPT1A gene that causes CPT1A deficiency. A heterozygous female carrying a homozygous fetus is at risk for developing this obstetric complication.
Molecular Genetics:
CPT1A is the only gene associated with CPT1A deficiency. Mutations in the CPT1A gene result in reduced activity of CPT I, which prevents the entry of fatty acids in to the mitochondria for energy production. The result is a clinical and biochemical phenotype of fasting intolerance. The CPT1A gene spans more than 60 kb of genomic DNA, of which 18 exons (2-19) are transcribed. The CPT1A gene encodes a 773-amino acid polypeptide, which is expressed in liver, kidney, leukocytes, and skin fibroblasts. Missense, nonsense, insertion and deletion mutations have been reported (Bennett et al. 2004; Prasad et al. 2001; Stoler et al. 2004) and these mutations have been identified throughout the gene.
Test Methods:
Sequence analysis of the mutation previously identified in a family member will be performed.
Detection Rate:
The analytical sensitivity is close to 100% for point mutations by DNA sequencing.
Related Tests:
Prenatal testing is available to couples who are confirmed carriers of mutations. Please contact the laboratory director to discuss appropriate testing prior to collecting a prenatal specimen.
Results:
Test results with interpretation will be mailed and/or faxed to the referring physician or send out lab following completion of the test. Additional reports will be provided as requested.
Utility:
The clinical utility of the assay is in confirming the clinical diagnosis of CPT1A deficiency in these patients, assessing the risk to other first degree relatives and genotyping at risk family members.
Remarks
Whole blood in EDTA purple top tubes is the preferred sample. High molecular weight genomic DNA, cheek epithelial cells, or other samples containing DNA may be acceptable. Contact the laboratory for specific instructions regarding such samples before sending the sample.
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