Scoliosis and Kyphosis
The most common spinal deformity seen in children is scoliosis, which is a curve in the spine that bends from side to side. It is most often observed from behind (see Figure 1). Kyphosis deformity, by contrast, is a curve that points posteriorly (front to back). It is best seen from the side.
The most common type of scoliosis found in healthy children and adolescents is called idiopathic scoliosis. Often small enough to have gone unnoticed, it is usually inherited.
Most patients with a deformity of the spine, whether scoliosis or kyphosis, do well without treatment. Only ten percent of those diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis develop a curve that is large enough to consider treatment. The rest require only advice and observation.
Another form of scoliosis, called congenital scoliosis is scoliosis that is present at birth.
Scoliosis can also result from cerebral palsy.
When a progressive curve does need attention, we only consider treatment after a careful examination and analysis of the patient and diagnostic tests. We individualize treatment for every child or adolescent and explain options through the use of models and other teaching aids. Options are based on X-rays, demographics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CAT scan), radioisotope bone scan or Dexacen (which determines the health and strength of the bone in the spine.)
A bracing program used for a period of time may be all that is necessary for a progressive but moderate-sized scoliosis curve. For very large, deforming curves, surgical correction may be considered.
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