The incidence of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) among adolescents has dramatically increased in recent years.  Potential malignancy and outcomes of cancer depend upon proper diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. While diagnostic markers have been useful in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment for other cancers, identification of similar markers for pediatric thyroid nodules and DTC have been elusive.

Researchers at the Center for Childhood Cancer Research are investigating the use of single and/or combinations of biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of pediatric thyroid nodules and DTC. In a recent study, investigators at the Center for Childhood Cancer collaborated with the National Cancer Institute and the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry to describe the role of germline DICER1 mutations in the development of multinodular goiter and DTC.

Other studies are underway to identify biomarkers that can be used singly or in combination to determine the malignancy, disease progression and treatment options for pediatric thyroid nodules and DTC.