Scott L. Weiss, MD, MSCE

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Scott L. Weiss, MD, MSCE, is a pediatric intensivist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Areas of Expertise: Sepsis, Biomarkers, Microcirculatory and mitochondrial dysfunction, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), Epidemiology
Locations: Main Hospital
Appointments and Referrals: 1-800-TRY-CHOP (1-800-879-2467)

Background

Dr. Weiss is a graduate of Cornell University and Harvard Medical School, and obtained a Master’s of Science in Clinical Epidemiology from the University of Pennsylvania. After pediatrics training at Children’s Hospital Boston (Harvard) and pediatric critical care fellowship at Lurie Children’s Hospital (Northwestern), Dr. Weiss came to Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in 2011. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and an attending physician in the pediatric intensive care unit at CHOP.

Dr. Weiss’ research focuses on epidemiology of pediatric sepsis and mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-associated organ injury. The driving hypothesis for his NIH-funded research is that alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics contribute to organ injury and immune dysregulation in a subset of children with sepsis. He has several active studies evaluating risk factors, biomarkers, and mechanisms of organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis, including changes in the intestinal microbiome. The long-term goal of Dr. Weiss’ translational research program is to identify a targeted therapeutic approach to augment mitochondrial bioenergetics and improve clinical outcomes for children with sepsis-associated immune dysregulation and organ injury.

Dr. Weiss is involved with quality improvement work for sepsis at CHOP, including leading a taskforce to develop a Hospital-wide sepsis screening alert integrated within the electronic medical record. He also serves as the Co-Vice Chair for the international Pediatric Surviving Sepsis Campaign, and has consulted for the Pennsylvania Department of Health about sepsis-related regulations.

Education and Training

Medical School

MD - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Internship

Pediatrics - Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA

Residency

Pediatrics - Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA

Fellowship

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine - Children's Memorial Hospital (now Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago), Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL

Board Certification

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Pediatrics

Graduate Degree

MS in Clinical Epidemiology - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

Titles and Academic Titles

Attending Physician, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Departments and Services

Research Interests

Sepsis
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
Mitochondrial dysfunction

Publications

Papers

2021

2021 Sankar J, Muralidharan J, Lalitha AV, Kumar R, Karthi N, Subramanian M, Ismail J, Ranjan Das R, Weiss SL, Nadkarni VM, Kumar UV, Kumar K, Sharma T, Jaravta K, Thakur N, Aggarwal P, Ram Jat K, Sankar J, Kabra SK, Lodha R. Balanced crystalloids versus normal saline for initial resuscitation in children with septic shock—a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Submitted to JAMA 2021.

Weiss SL, Bittinger K, Lee J, Friedman E, Mattei LM, Graham L, Zhang D, Bush J, Balamuth F, McGowan FX, Bushman FD, Baldassano RN, Wu GD, Wallace DC, Collman RG. Decreased intestinal microbiome diversity in pediatric sepsis: a conceptual framework for intestinal dysbiosis to influence immunometabolic function. Critical Care Explorations 2021 In press.

Ginsburg SL, Conlon T, Himebauch A, Glau C, Weiss SL, Weber M, O’Connor MJ, Nishisaki A. Prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction and association with outcomes in pediatric sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2021 In press.

Arnoldi S, Glau CL, Walker S, Himebauch AS, Parikh DS, Udeh SC, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Nishisaki A, Conlon TW. Integrating Focused Cardiac Ultrasound into Pediatric Septic Shock Assessment. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2021 Jan 20 [Epub ahead of print].

Chiotos K, Weiss SL. A wrinkle in time to antibiotics in sepsis: when should ONE hour be the goal? Journal of Pediatrics 2021 In press.

Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F. Let us not forget early mortality in pediatric sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2021 In press.

2020

Whitney JE, Zhang B, Koterba N, et al. Systemic Endothelial Activation Is Associated With Early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Children With Extrapulmonary Sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(3):344-352.

Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Executive Summary: Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21(2):186-195.

Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21(2):e52-e106.

Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Chilutti M, et al. Identification of Pediatric Sepsis for Epidemiologic Surveillance Using Electronic Clinical Data. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020;21(2):113-121.

Diorio C, Shaw P, Pequignot E, Orlenko A, Chen F, Aplenc R, Barrett DM, Bassiri H, Behrens E, Gonzalez V, Koterba N, Levine BL, Maude SL, Meyer NJ, Moore JH, Paessler M, Porter DL, Rush J, Siegel DL, Suhoski M, Zhang D, June CH, Grupp SA, Melenhorst JJ*, Lacey SF*, Weiss SL*, Teachey DT*. Diagnostic Biomarkers to Differentiate Sepsis from Cytokine Release Syndrome in Critically Ill Children. Blood Advances 2020;4(20):5174-5183. (*co-final authorship)

Whitney JE, Feng R, Koterba N, Chen F, Bush J, Graham K, Lacey SF, Melenhorst JJ, Parikh SM, Weiss SL, Yehya N. Endothelial Biomarkers Are Associated With Indirect Lung Injury in Sepsis-Associated Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Critical Care Explorations. 2020;2(12):e0295.

Walker SB, Conlon TW, Zhang B, Mensinger JL, Fitzgerald JC, Himebauch AS, Glau C, Nishisaki A, Ranjit S, Nadkarni VM, Weiss SL. Clinical signs to categorize shock and target vasoactive medications in warm versus cold pediatric septic shock. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020;21(12):1051-1058.

Matehuala S, Pasala S, Goudie A, Fiser R, Weiss SL, Irby K, Crary S, Wang A, Sanders R. Association between elevated RBC distribution width and multiple organ dysfunction in pediatric critical illness. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020;21(9):e740-e746.

Glau CL, Conlon TW, Himebauch AS, Yehya N, Weiss SL, Berg RA, Nishisaki A. Diaphragm atrophy during pediatric acute respiratory failure is associated with prolonged noninvasive ventilation requirement following extubation. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020;21(9):e672-678.

Atreya MR, Whitacre BE, Cvijanovich NZ, Bigham MT, Thomas NJ, Schwarz AJ, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Allen GL, Lutfi R, Nowak JE, Quasney MW, Shah AS, Wong HR. Proprotein convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 loss-of-function is detrimental to the juvenile host with septic shock. Critical Care Medicine 2020 October; 48(10):1513- 1520.

Conway JA, Kharayat P, Sanders RC, Nett S, Weiss SL, Edwards LR, Breuer RK, Kirby A, Krawiec, Page-Goertz C, Polikoff L, Turner DA, Shults J, Giuliano JS, Orioles A, Balandier S, Emeriuad G Rehder KJ, Boon JLK, Shenoi AN, Vanderford P, Nuthall G, Lee A, Zeqo J, Parsons SJ, Furlong-Dillard J, Meyer K, Harwayne-Gidansky I, Jung P, Adu-Darko M, Bysani GK, McCarthy MA, Shlomovich M, Toedt-Pingel I, Branca A, Esperanza MC, Al-Subu AM, Pinto M, Tallent S, Shetty R, Thyagarajan S, Ikeyama T, Tarquinio K, Skippen P, Kasagi M, Howell JD, Nadkarni VM, Nishisaki A. Ketamine use for tracheal intubation in critically ill children is associated with a lower occurrence of adverse hemodynamic events. Critical Care Medicine 2020;48(6):e489-e497.

Novak T, Hall MW, McDonald DR, Newhams MM, Mistry AJ, Panoskalsis-Mortari A, Mourani PM, Loftis LL, Weiss SL, Tarquinio KM, Markovitz B, Hartman ME, Schwarz A, Junger WG, Randolph AG. RIG-I and TLR4 Responses and Adverse Outcomes in Pediatric Influenza-Related Critical Illness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1673- 1680.

Lindell R, Nishisaki A, Weiss SL, Traynor D, Fitzgerald JC. Risk of mortality in immunocompromised children with severe sepsis and septic shock. Critical Care Medicine 2020;48(7);1026-1033.

Stanski NL, Stenson EK, Cvijanovich NZ, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Bigham MT, Jain PN, Schwarz A, Lutfi R, Nowak J, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Grunwell JR, Baines R, Quasney M, Haileselassie B, Wong HR. PERSEVERE biomarkers predict acute kidney injury and renal recovery in pediatric septic shock. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2020;20(7):848-855.

Schmatz M, Srinivasan L, Grundmeier R, Weiss SL, Masino AJ, Elci O, Tremoglie M, Ostapenko S, Harris MC. Surviving sepsis in a referral neonatal intensive care unit: association between time to antibiotic administration and in-hospital outcomes. Journal of Pediatrics, 2020;217:59-65.

Han M, Roberts AL, Migliore BA, Cardenas AM, Weiss SL. Reactivation viremia in pediatric sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020;21(4):e152-e159.

Weiss SL, Zhang D, Bush J, Graham K, Starr J, Murray J, Tuluc F, Henrickson S, Deutschman CS, Becker L, McGowan FX, Wallace DC. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with an immune paralysis phenotype in pediatric sepsis. Shock 2020;54(3):285-293. Weiss SL, Peters, MJ, Agus MSD, Alhazzani W, Choong K, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Nunnally ME, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Tissieres P, Kissoon N. Perspective of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign on the Management of Pediatric Sepsis in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020:21(11):e1031-1037.

Downes KJ, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL. Utility of procalcitonin as a biomarker for sepsis in children. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2020;58(7):e01851-19.

Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Waleed A, Agus MSD, Heidi FR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Enitan CD, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust S, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten K, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta N, Møller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, Nunnally ME, Parker MM, Raina PM, Randolph AG, Ranjit S, Romer L, Scott HF, Tume LN, Verger JT, Williams EA, Wolf J, Wong HR, Zimmerman, JJ, Kissoon N, Tissieres P. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2020;21(2):186-195e52-e106; Intensive Care Medicine 2020;46:1-67.

Weiss SL, Nicolson SC, Naim MY. Clinical update in pediatric sepsis: focus on children with heart disease. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 2020;34(5):1324- 1332.

2019

Randolph AG, Xu R, Novak T, Newhams MM, Bubeck Wardenburg J, Weiss SL, Sanders RC, Thomas NJ, Hall MW, Tarquinio KM, Cvijanovich N, Gedeit RG, Truemper EJ, Markovitz B, Hartman ME, Ackerman KG, Giuliano JS Jr, Shein SL, Moffitt KL for the Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network. Vancomycin monotherapy bay be insufficient to treat methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus coinfection in children with influenza-related critical illness. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2019;68(3):365-372.

Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Thurm CW, Downes KJ, Fitzgerald JC, Laskin BL. Major Adverse Kidney Events in Pediatric Sepsis. Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology 2019; doi: 10.2215/CJN.12201018. [Epub ahead of print].

Thakkar RK, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Thomas NJ, Nadkarni VM, Muszynski JA. Hall MW for the SPROUT Study Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Risk factors for mortality in pediatric post-surgical versus medical severe sepsis. Journal of Surgical Research 2019, In Press.

Levy ER, Yip W, Super M, Ferdinands JN, Anushay M, Su HC, Zhang Y, McLaughlin G, Sapru A, Loftis L, Weiss SL, Hall MW, Cvijanovich N, Schwarz A, Tarquinio K, Randolph A for for the PALISI Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza (PICFLU) Investigators. Mannose binding lectin is associated with pediatric influenza-related critical illness susceptibility and mortality. Submitted to Clinical Infectious Diseases 2019.

Levy E, Yip W, Super M, Ferdinands J, Mistry AJ, Newhams MN, Zhang Y, Su HC, McLaughlin GE, Sapru A, Loftis LL, Weiss SL, Hall MW, Cvijanovich N, Schwarz A, Tarquinio KM, Mourani PM, Randolph AG. Evaluation of Mannose Binding Lectin Gene Variants in Pediatric Influenza Virus-Related Critical Illness. Frontiers Immunology 2019, In Press.

Weiss SL, Zhang D, Bush J, Graham K, Starr J, Tuluc F, Henrickson S, Kilbaugh T, Deutschman CS, Murdock D, McGowan FX, Becker L, Wallace DC. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction linked to prolonged organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis. Submitted to Critical Care Medicine 2019.

Matehuala S, Pasala S, Goudie A, Fiser R, Weiss SL, Irby K, Crary S, Wang A, Sanders R. Red blood cell distribution width values are associated with multiorgan dysfunction and outcomes in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Submitted to Intensive Care Medicine 2019.

Han M, Roberts AL, Migliore BA, Cardenas AM, Weiss SL. Reactivation viremia in pediatric sepsis. Submitted to Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2019.

Weiss SL, Blowey B, Keele L, Ganetskey R, Murali CN, Fitzgerald JC, Sutton RM, Berg RA. Matched retrospective cohort study of thiamine to treat persistent hyperlactatemia in pediatric septic shock. Submitted to Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2019.

Glau CL, Conlon TW, Himebauch AS, Yehya N, Weiss SL, Berg RA, Nishisaki A. Diaphragm atrophy during pediatric acute respiratory failure is associated with prolonged noninvasive ventilation requirement following extubation. Submitted to Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2019.

Balamuth F, Kittick M, McBride P, Woodford AL, Vestal N, Casper TC, Metheney M, Smith K, Atkin NK, Baren J, Dean JM, Kuppermann N, Weiss SL. Pragmatic pediatric trial of balanced versus normal saline fluid in sepsis: the PRoMPT BOLUS pilot feasibility study. Submitted to Academic Emergency Medicine 2019.

Schlapbach LJ, Weiss SL, Wolf J. Primum non nocere:  Reducing Collateral Damage from Mandates for Time to Antibiotics. JAMA Pediatrics. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0174. [Epub ahead of print]

Weiss SL, Babl FE, Dalziel SR, Balamuth F. Is chloride worth its salt? [Invited editorial]. Intensive Care Medicine 2019;45(2):275-277.

2018

Stenson EK, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, MD, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak N, Raj SS, Gertz S, Grunwell JR, Wong HR.  Hyperchloremia is associated with complicated course and mortality in pediatric patients with septic shock. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2018:19(2):155-160.

Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak J, Raj SS, Gertz S, Grunwell JR, Lindsell CJ. Endotype transitions during the acute phase of pediatric septic shock reflect changing risk and treatment response.  Critical Care Medicine 2018:46(3):e242-e249.

Michelson KN, Reubenson G, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Ackerman K, Christie L, Bush JL, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Schreiner MS for the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Site variability in regulatory oversight for an international study of pediatric sepsis.  Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2018;19(4):e180-e188.

Glau DL, Conlon TW, Himebauch AS, Yehya N, Weiss SL, Berg RA, Nishisaki A. Progressive diaphragm atrophy in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2018;19(5):406-411.

Ross RK, Keele K, Kubis S, Lautz AJ, Dziorny AC, Denson AR, O’Connor KA, Chilutti MR, Weiss SL, Gerber JS. Effect of the procalcitonin assay on antibiotic use in critically ill children. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2018;7)2):e43-e46.

Signoff JK, Fitzgerald JC, Teachey DT, Balamuth F, Weiss SL. Hypofibrinogenemia is associated with poor outcome and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome in pediatric severe sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2018;19(5):397-405.

Idris I, Alpern E, Angus D, Friedrich M, Kissoon N, Lemeshow S, Levy M, Parker M, Terry K, Watson S, Weiss SL, Zimmerman J, Seymour C. One-hour bundle and mortality during mandated care for pediatric sepsis. JAMA 2018;320(4):358-367.

Fitzgerald JC, Ross ME, Thomas NJ, Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Hyre Anderson A. Risk factors and inpatient outcomes associated with acute kidney injury at pediatric severe sepsis presentation. Pediatric Nephrology 2018;33(10):1781-1790.

Irving SY, Daly B, Verger J, Typpo KV, Brown A, Hanlon A, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Srinivasan V for the SPROUT Study Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. The association of nutrition status and nutrition support with outcomes in children with severe sepsis: a secondary analysis from the Sepsis, Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapies (SPROUT) study. Critical Care Medicine 2018;46(11):e1029-e1039.

Lindell, RB, Nishisaki A, Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Traynor DM, Chilutti MR, Grundmeier RW, Fitzgerald JF. Comparison of methods for identification of pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock in the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. Critical Care Medicine 2018;47(2):e129-e135.

Stenson EK, Cvijanovich NZ, Allen GL, MD, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Jain PN, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak N, Lutfi R, Gertz S, Grunwell JR, Wong HR, Anas N.  Hyperchloremia is associated with acute kidney injury in pediatric patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Medicine 2018;44(11):2004-2005.

Downes, KJ, Fitzgerald JC, Schriver E, Boge C, Russo M, Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Kubis SE, Tolomeo P, Bilker W, Han JH, Lautenbach E, Coffin SE, Gerber JS, for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Implementation of a pragmatic biomarker-driven algorithm to guide antibiotic use in the pediatric intensive care unit: the Optimizing Antibiotic Strategies in Sepsis (OASIS) II study. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2018 Nov 22. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy113. [Epub ahead of print].

Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL. Taking meaning from numbers in regional epidemiologic data [Invited editorial]. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2018 In Press.

Weiss SL, Watson RS. Measuring hospital performance in pediatric sepsis:  without reliable risk there is no reward [Invited editorial]. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2018;19(5)489-490.

Weiss SL, Deutschman CS. Are septic children really just “septic little adults”? [Invited editorial on Prognostic accuracy of age-adapted SOFA, SIRS, PELOD-2, and qSOFA for in-hospital mortality among children with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit]. Intensive Care Medicine 2018;44(3):392-394.

Weiss SL, Peters M. Focus on Paediatrics: 2017. Intensive Care Medicine 2018;44(2):235-237.

2017

Lin JC, Spinella PC, Fitzgerald JC, Tucci M, Bush JL, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Weiss SL for the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. New or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (NPMODS) in pediatric severe sepsis: a sepsis phenotype with higher morbidity and mortality. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017;18(1):8-16.

Weiss SL, Keele L, Balamuth F, Vendetti N, Ross R, Fitzgerald JC, Gerber JS. Crystalloid fluid choice and clinical outcomes in pediatric sepsis: a match retrospective cohort study. Journal of Pediatrics 2017;182:304-310.

Downes KJ, Weiss SL, Klieger SB, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F, Kubis S, Tolomeo P, Bilker W, Han X, Nachamkin I, Garrigan C, Han J, Lautenbach E. Gerber JS, Coffin S for The CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. A Pragmatic Biomarker-Driven Algorithm to Guide Antibiotic Use in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: the Optimizing Antibiotic Strategies in Sepsis (OASIS) Study. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 2017;6:134-141.

Han M, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F, Keele L, Alpern ER, Lavelle J, Chilutti M, Grundmeier RW, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Weiss SL. Association of delayed antimicrobial therapy with one-year mortality in pediatric sepsis. Shock 2017 Jan 20; (1):29-35.

Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald J, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak J, Raj SS, Gertz S, Grunwell JR, Opoka A, Wong HR. Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and outcomes in pediatric septic shock. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017;18(4):299-303.

Weiss SL, Asaro LA, Flori HR, Allen GL, Wypij D, Curley MAQ. Multiple organ dysfunction in children mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017;18(4):319-329.

Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak J, Raj SS, Gertz S, Grunwell JR, Lindsell CJ.  Improved risk stratification in pediatric septic shock using both protein and mRNA biomarkers: PERSEVERE-XP. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2017 Mar 21; 196 (4):494-501.

Balamuth F, Alpern ER, Funari MK, Hayes K, Schast A, Lavelle J, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Zorc JJ. Improving recognition of pediatric severe sepsis in the emergency department: contributions of a vital sign based electronic alert and bedside clinician identification. Annals of Emergency Medicine Annals of Emerg Med. 2017 (17)30315-3.

Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Hensley J, Fitzgerald JC, Bush J, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Hall M, Muszynski J. The epidemiology of hospital death following pediatric severe sepsis: when, why, and how children with sepsis die. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017; 18(9): 823-830.

Carcillo JA, Podd B, Aneja R, Weiss SL, Hall MW, Cornell TT, Shanley TP, Doughty LA, Nguyen TC. Pathophysiology of pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017;18:S32-S45.

Weiss, SL. Clinical trials in pediatric sepsis:  what’s the (end) point? [Invited editorial on Primary outcome measures in pediatric septic shock trials:  a systematic review] Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017;18(3):296-297.

Morgan R, Fitzgerald J, Weiss SL, Nadkarni V, Sutton R, Berg R. Sepsis-associated in-hospital cardiac arrest in children and adults. Journal of Critical Care 2017;40:128-135.

Davis AL, Carcillo JA, Aneja RK, Deymann AJ, Lin JC, Nguyen TC, Okhuysen-Cawley RS, Relvas MS, Rozenfeld RA, Skippen PW, Stojadinovic BJ, Williams EA, Yeh TS, Balamuth F, Brierley J, de Caen AR, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Conway E, Cornell T, Doctor A, Dugas M, Feldman JD, Fitzgerald JC, Flori HR, Fortenberry JD, Braciano AL, Greenwald BM, Hall MW, Han YY, Hernan LK, Irazuzta JE, Iselin E, van der Jagt WE, Jeffries HE, Kache S, Katyal C, Kissoon N, Kon AA, Jutko MC, MacLaren G, Maul T, Mehta R, Odetola F, Parbuoni K, Paul R, Peters MJ, Ranjit S, Reuter-Rice KE, Schnitzler EJ, Scott H, Torees A, Weingarten-Abrams J, Weiss SL, Zimmerman JJ, Zuckerberg AL.  American College of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal shock. Critical Care Medicine 2017;45:1061-1093.

Lindell RB, Gertz SJ, Rowan CM, McArthur J, Beske F, Plunkett A, Weiss SL, Thomas NJ, Nadkarni VN, Fitzgerald JC for the SPROUT Study Investigators and the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. High levels of morbidity and mortality among pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with severe sepsis:  insights from the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies international point prevalence study. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2017;18(12):1114-1125.

Kakajiwala A, Weiss SL, Lopez SB, Palmer J, Baluarte JH. Cerebral edema in a child after preemptive kidney transplantation. Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care. 2017;6(2):123-126.

2016

Klieger SB, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Teszner E, Sammons JS, Coffin SE. Pediatric Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Associated with Healthcare-Associated Infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37(4):483-5.

Giuliano JS, Jr, Markovitz BP, Brierley J, Levin R, Williams G,  Lum LC, Dorofaeff T, Cruces P, Bush JL, Keele L, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL for the SPROUT Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Variability in pediatric severe sepsis managed in USA and European intensive care units. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2016;17(6):522-30.

Balamuth F, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Hayes K, Centkowski S, Chilutti M, Grundmeier R, Lavelle J, Alpern ER. Protocolized treatment is associated with decreased organ dysfunction in pediatric severe sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2016; 17(9):817-822.

Halstead ES, Rajasekaran S, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL. Hyperferritinemic sepsis:  an opportunity for earlier diagnosis and intervention. Front Pediatr. 2016:4:77.

Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Kissoon N. 2016 Update for the Rogers’ Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care:  Recognition and initial management of shock. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 2016;17(11):1073-1079.

Teachey DT, Lacey SF, Shaw PA, Melenhorst JJ, Maude SL, Frey N, Pequignot E, Gonzalez VE, Chen F, Finklestein J, Barrett DM, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Berg RA, Aplenc R, Callahan C, Rheingold SR, Zheng Z, Rose-John S, Nazimuddin F, Wertheim G, Levine BL,  June CH, Porter DL, Grupp SA. Identification of predictive biomarkers for cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Discovery 2016;6(6):664-679.

Wong HR, Atkinson SJ, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak J, Raj SS, Gertz S, Lindsell CJ. Combining prognostic and predictive enrichment strategies to identify children with septic shock responsive to corticosteroids. Critical Care Medicine 2016;44(10)e1000-10003.

Lautz AJ, Dziorny AC, Denson AR, O’Connor KA, Chilutti MR, Ross RK, Gerber JS, Weiss SL. Value of procalcitonin measurement for early evidence of severe bacterial infections in the pediatric intensive care unit. Journal of Pediatrics 2016;179:74-81.

Fitzgerald JC, Basu R, Akcan-Arikan A, Izquierdo LM, Pineres Olave BE, Hassinger AB, Szczepanski M, Deep A, Williams D, Sapru A, Roy JA, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ, Weiss SL, Furth S for the SPROUT Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Acute kidney injury in pediatric severe sepsis: an independent risk for death and new disability. Critical Care Medicine 2016;44(12):2241-2250.

Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald J, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak J, Raj SS, Gertz S, Howard K, Harmon K, Lahni P, Frank E, Hart KW, Nguyen TC, Lindsell CJ. Pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model-II:  Redefining the pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model with septic shock phenotype. Crit Care Med 2016;44(11):2010-2017

Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Maude S, Barrett D, Lacey S, Melenhorst J, Shaw P, Berg R, June C, Porter D, Frey N, Grupp S, Teachey D. Cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for leukemia. Critical Care Medicine 2016; 45 (2):e124-e131. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002053.

2015

Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Shanley TP, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishstat RJ, Nowak J, Shekhar RS, Gertz S, Dawson E, Howard K, Harmon K, Beckman E, Frank E, Lindsell CJ. Developing a clinically feasible theragnostic approach to pediatric septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(3):309-15.

Weiss SL, Selak MA, Tuluc F, Perales-Villarroel JP, Nadkarni VM, Deutschman CS, Becker, LB. Mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral mononuclear cells in pediatric septic shock. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2015;16(1):e4-e12.

Weiss SL*, Fitzgerald JC*, Pappachan J, Wheeler D, Jaramillo-Bustamante JC, Salloo A,  Singhi SC, Erickson S, Roy JA, Bush JL, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ for the SPROUT Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Global epidemiology of pediatric severe sepsis: the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies (SPROUT) study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015;191(10):1147-57.  (*contributed equally)

Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Shanley TP, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishstat RJ, Nowak J, Shekhar RS, Gertz S, Dawson E, Howard K, Harmon K, Lahni P, Beckman E, Frank E, Hart KW, Lindsell CJ. A multi-biomarker-based model for estimating the risk of septic acute kidney injury. Crit Care Medicine 2015;43(8):1646-1653.

Martin K, Weiss SL. Initial resuscitation and management of pediatric septic shock. Minerva Pediatrica 2015;67(2):141-58.

Balamuth F, Alpern ER, Weiss SL, Grundmeier R, Chilutti M, Fitzgerald JC, Hayes K, Bilker W, Lautenbach E. Comparison of Two Sepsis Recognition Methods in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Academic Emergency Medicine 2015;22(11):1298-306.

Grunwell JR, Weiss SL, Cvijanovich NZ, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Freishtat RJ, Anas N, Meyer K, Cecchia PA, Shanley TP, Bigham MT, Fitzgerald JC, Howard K, Frank E, Harmon K, Wong HR. Differential expression of the Nrf2-linked genes in pediatric septic shock. Critical Care 2015;19:327.

Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Maffei F, Kane JM, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Hsing DD, Franzon D, Ying Kee S, Bush JL, Roy JA, Thomas, NJ, Nadkarnin VM for the SPROUT Study Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Discordant Identification of Pediatric Severe Sepsis by Research and Clinical Definitions in the SPROUT International Point Prevalence Study. Critical Care 2015;19:325.

Balamuth F, Weiss SL, Hall M, Neuman MI, Scott H, Brady PW, Paul R, Farris RWD, McClead R, Centkowski S, Baumer S, Weiser J, Hayes K, Shah SS, Alpern ER.  Identifying pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock:  accuracy of diagnosis codes.  Journal of Pediatrics 2015;167(6):1295-1300.

Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishstat RJ, Nowak J, Shekhar RS, Gertz S, Howard K, Harmon K, Lahni P, Frank E, Hart KW, Lindsell CJ.  Prospective testing and redesign of a temporal biomarker based risk model for patients with septic shock: implications for septic shock biology. EBioMedcine 2015:2(12);2087-93.

2014

Abulebda K, Cvijanovich N, Thomas N, Allen G, Anas N, Bingham M, Hall M, Freishtat R, Sen A, Meyer K, Checchia P, Shanley T, Nowak J, Quasney M, Weiss SL, Chopra A, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Lindsell C, Wong HR. Post-intensive care unit admission fluid balance and pediatric septic shock outcomes: A risk-stratified analysis. Critical Care Medicine. 2014;42(2):397-403.

Wong HR, Weiss SL, Giuliano JS, Wainwright M, Cvijanovich NZ, MD, Thomas NJ, Allen GL, Anas N, Bigham MT, Hall M, Freishtat RJ, Sen A, Meyer K, Checchia PA, Shanley TP,  Nowak J, Quasney M, Chopra A, Fitzgerald JC, Gedeit R, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Lahni P, Hart K, Lindsell CJ. Testing the Prognostic Accuracy of the Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk Model. PLoS One. 2014; 2014;9(1):e86242.

Wong HR, Weiss SL, Giuliano JS, Wainwright M, Cvijanovich NZ, MD, Thomas NJ, Allen GL, Anas N, Bigham MT, Hall M, Freishtat RJ, Sen A, Meyer K, Checchia PA, Shanley TP,  Nowak J, Quasney M, Chopra A, Fitzgerald JC, Gedeit R, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Lahni P, Hart K, Lindsell CJ. The temporal version of the pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92121.

Wong HR, Cvijanovich N, Allen G, Thomas N, Freishtat R, Anas N, Meyer K Checchia P, Weiss SL, Shanley T, Bigham MT, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Harmon K, Zimmerman J. Corticosteroids are associated with repression of adaptive immunity gene programs in pediatric septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014 Apr 15;189(8):940-6.

Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Faustino EV, Festa MS, Fink EL, Jouvet P, Bush JL, Kissoon N, Marshall J, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ.  Understanding the global epidemiology of pediatric critical illness:  the power, pitfalls, and practicalities of point prevalence studies. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2014;15(7):660-6.

Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F, Alpern ER, Lavelle J, Chilutti M, Grundmeier R, Nadkarni VM, Thomas NJ. Delayed antimicrobial therapy increases mortality and organ dysfunction duration in pediatric sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 2014;42(11):2409-2417.

Balamuth F, Weiss SL, Neuman MI, Scott H, Brady PW, Paul R, Farris RWD, McClead R, Hayes K, Gaieski D, Hall M, Shah SS, Alpern ER. Pediatric Severe Sepsis in US Children's Hospitals. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2014;15(9):798-805.

Atkinson S, Cvijanovich N, Thomas N, Allen G, Anas N, Bigham M, Hall M, Freishtat R, Sen A, Meyer K, Checchia P, Shanley T, Nowak J, Quasney M, Weiss SL, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Howard K, Frank E, Harmon Kelli, Lahni P, Lindsell C, Wong H. Corticosteroids and Pediatric Septic Shock Outcomes: A Risk Stratified Analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112702.

Weiss SL, Cvijanovich NZ, Allen GA, Thomas NJ, Freishtat RJ, Anas N, Meyer K, Checchia PA, Shanley TP, Bigham MT, Fitzgerald J, Banschbach S, Beckman E, Howard K, Frank E, Harmon K, Wong HR. Differential expression of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial transcriptome based on genome-wide expression profiling in pediatric septic shock. Critical Care. 2014;18(6):623.

2013

Karamercan MA, Weiss SL, Villarroel JP, Guan Y, Werlin EC, Figueredo R, Becker LB, Sims CA. Can peripheral blood mononuclear cells be used as a proxy for mitochondrial dysfunction in vital organs during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation? Shock. 2013;40(6):476-84.

2012

Weiss SL, Haymond S, Ralay Ranaivo H, De Jesus V, Chace DH, Wainwright MS. Evaluation of asymmetric dimethylarginine, arginine, and carnitine metabolism in pediatric sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2012 July;13(4):e210-8.

Weiss SL, Parker B, Bullock ME, Swartz S, Price C, Wainwright MS, Goodman DM. Defining pediatric sepsis by different criteria: discrepancies in populations and implications for clinical practice. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2012 July;13(4):e219-26.

Weiss SL, Yu M, Jennings L, Haymond S, Zhang G, Wainwright MS. Pilot Study of the Association of the DDAH2 -449G polymorphism with asymmetric dimethylarginine and hemodynamic shock in pediatric sepsis. PLoS One. 2012 March;7(3):e33355.

2011

Weiss SL, Gossett JG, Kaushal S, Wang D, Backer CL, Wald EL. Comparison of gastrointestinal morbidity after Norwood and hybrid palliation for complex heart defects. Pediatric Cardiology. 2011;32(4):391-398.

2010

Weiss SL, Alexander J, Agus, M. Extreme stress hyperglycemia during acute illness in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2010;26(9):626-632.

2008

Maniaci V, Dauber A, Weiss S, Nylen E, Becker KL, Bachur R. Procalcitonin in young febrile infants for the detection of serious bacterial infection. Pediatrics. 2008;122:701-710.

Dauber A, Weiss S, Maniaci V, Nylen E, Becker KL, Bachur R. Procalcitonin levels in febrile infants after recent immunization. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e1119-e1122.

2007

Robertson SS, Johnson SL, Masnick AM, Weiss SL. Robust coupling of body movement and gaze in young infants. Developmental psychobiology. 2007;49:208-215.

Books

Chapter

2017

Yuerek M, Weiss SL, Naim MY, The Failing Myocardium in Sepsis, in: J.L. Jefferies, A.C. Chang, J.W. Rossano, R.E. Shaddy, J.A. Towbin (Eds.), Heart Failure in the Child and Young Adult: From Bench to Bedside, Academic Press, ELSEVIER, 2018, pgs. 445-456.

Weiss SL, Deutschman CS, Becker LB. Chapter 80: “Cellular Respiration”. In Fuhrman and Zimmerman’s Pediatric Critical Care, 5th Edition. Bradley P. Fuhrman and Jerry J. Zimmerman, Editors. Elsevier, Philadelphia PA. 2017, pgs 1131-1144.

2016

Weiss SL, Levy RL, Deutschman CS. Chapter 49: “Is Sepsis-Induced Organ Dysfunction an Adaptive Response?”. In Evidence-Based Practice of Critical Care, 2nd Edition. Clifford S. Deutschman and Patrick J. Neligan, Editors. Elsevier, Philadelphia PA. 2016, pgs 335-340.

Balamuth F, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL. Chapter 5: “Shock”. In Fleisher and Ludwig’s Textbook of Emergency Medicine, 7th Edition. Richard Bachur, Kathy Shaw, James Chamberlain, Jane Lavelle, Josh Nagler, and Joan Shook, Editors. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia PA. 2016, pgs 55-68.

Thomas NJ, Tamburro RF, Rajasekaran S, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Hall MW. Chapter 87: “Bacterial sepsis”. In Rogers’ Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care 5th Edition. David G. Nichols, MD and Donald H. Shaffner, MD, Editors. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia PA. 2016, pgs 1377-1396.

Weiss SL, Han YY, Shanley TP, Carcillo JA. Chapter 23: “Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome”. In Rogers’ Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care 5th Edition. David G. Nichols, MD and Donald H. Shaffner, MD, Editors. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia PA. 2016, pgs 287-302.

2012

Florin TA, Balamuth F, Rizkalla N, Weiss SL, Davis K, Gaspers M, Nathanang D, Lockman J. Chapter 73: “Environmental Exposures and Intoxications: Poisonings”. In Comprehensive Critical Care: Pediatric. Jana Stockwell, M.D. and Catherine (Katy) Preissig, M.D., Editors. pp 1009-1028, 2012.

2008

Weiss S. “Abdominal mass; Acute abdominal pain; Chronic abdominal pain; Chest pain; Cyanosis; Murmur in the newborn”. In: Sectish: Chief Complaints in Pediatrics. Theodore C. Sectish, M.D. and Amanda S. P. Growdon, M.D., Editors. New York, NY: PocketMedicine.com, Inc., 2008.

Posters and Presentations

2019

Balamuth F, Kittick M, McBride P, Woodford AL, Vestal N, Casper TC, Metheney M, Smith K, Atkin NK, Baren J, Dean JM, Kuppermann N, Weiss SL. Pragmatic pediatric trial of balanced versus normal saline fluid in sepsis: the PRoMPT BOLUS pilot feasibility study. Poster Presentation at the Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2019 April 27-30, Baltimore, MD.

Balamuth F, Scott H, Weiss SL, Webb M, Chamberlain J, Bajaj L, Depinet H, Grundmeier R, Deakyne-Davies S, Simon NJ, Cook L, Alpern E. Validation of the Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and Evaluation of Sepsis-3 Definitions in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Platform Presentation at the Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2019 April 27-30, Baltimore, MD.

Wildenhain P, Oliver A, Kaminski S, Weiss SL, Bird G, Woods-Hill C, Biedron L. The alert that cried wolf: mitigating alert fatigue in critical care areas. Poster Presentation at the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Workshop, 2018 December 6-7, Dallas, TX. Published in Pediatric Quality and Safety 2019.

Kharayat P, Conway J, Sanders R, Nett S, Zeqo J, Weiss SL, Edwards L, Kirby A, Krawiec C, Page-Goertz C, Polikoff L, Turner D, Nadkarni V, Nishisaki A. Dose effect of ketamine on hemodynamic outcomes among critically ill children with and without shock. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Conway J, Kharayat P, Sanders R, Nett S, Weiss SL, Edwards L, Page-Goertz C, Zeqo J, Kirby A, Krawiec C, Polikoff L, Turner D, Nadkarni V, Nishisaki A. Ketamine use in tracheal intubation and adverse hemodynamic events. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Morgan R, Yeung T, Landis WP, Nadkarni VM, Berg RA, Weiss SL, Kilbaugh TJ, Topjian AA, Sutton RM. Post-arrest inflammatory markers and outcomes from pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Ginsburg S, Conlon T, Himebach A, Glau C, Weiss SL, O’Connor M, Nishisaki A. Prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction and association with outcomes in septic pediatric patients. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Becker A, Fitzgerald J, Kubis S, Traynor D, Vossough A, Weiss SL, Topjian A, Kirschen M. MRI abnormalities in pediatric sepsis. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Chiotos K, Biedron L, Fitzgerald J, Robbins-Tighe S, Weiss SL, Woods-Hill C. Sepsis huddles in the PICU: Understanding the impact on timely antibiotics, perceptions, and barriers. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Matehuala S, Pasala S, Goudi A, Fiser R, Weiss SL, Irby K, Crary S, Wang A, Sanders R. Red blood cell distribution width values predict multiorgan failure in children admitted to the PICU. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Lindell R, Nishisaki A, Weiss SL, Traynor D, Fitzgerald JC. Risk of mortality in immunocompromised children with severe sepsis and septic shock. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA

Lindell R, Fitzgerald JC, Nishisaki A, Traynor D, Weiss SL. Predictive validity of mortality prediction scores in pediatric severe sepsis and septic shock. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Glau GL, Conlon TW, Yehya N, Weiss SL, Himebach AD, Nishisaki A. Pediatric diaphragm atrophy is associated with prolonged non-invasive support following extubation. Star Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Whitney J, Bush J, Graham K, Chen F, Kengle N, Lacey S, Melenhorst JJ, Yehya N, Weiss SL. Endothelial activation is more prominent in indirect versus direct pediatric ARDS. Star Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

Walker S, Conlon T, Zhang B, Mensinger J, Fitzgerald J, Himebauch A, Glau C, Nishisaki A, Ranjit S, Nadkarni V, Weiss SL. Targeting vasoactives to warm versus cold pediatric septic shock. Research Presentation at the 48th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2019 February 17-20, San Diego, CA.

2018

Kaminski S, Morris K, Weiss SL, Wildenhain P, Abbadess MK, Digerolamo K, Fitzgerald JC, Hadley S, Keren R. Measuring the continuum of sepsis care: development of new metrics for sepsis screening. Poster Presentation at the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Workshop, 2018 December 6-7, Dallas, TX.

Whitney J, Yehya N, Weiss SL. IL-6 at sepsis recognition is associated with poor functional outcome. Oral presentation, 25th Pediatric Critical Care Colloquium, 2018 October 5-7, Baltimore, MD.

Weiss SL, Zhang D, Bush J, Star J, Kilbaugh T, Deutschman CS, Becker L, McGowan FX, Wallace D. Decreased immune cell mitochondrial respiration is not associated with organ dysfunction or early death in pediatric sepsis. Shock 2018;49(Suppl 1):131 [Poster presentation, Shock Society 2018 Annual Meeting, 2018 June 9-12, Scottsdale, AZ].

Walker S, Conlon T, Zhang B, Mensinger J, Fitzgerald J, Himebauch A, Glau C, Nishisaki A, Ranjit S, Nadkarni V, Weiss SL. Application of Clinical Signs to Differentiate Warm versus Cold Pediatric Septic Shock. Poster presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2018 May 5-8, Toronto, Canada.

Whitney J, Yehya N, Weiss SL. Increased endothelial activation is evident if pediatric extrapulmonary sepsis complicated by ARDS. Research Presentation at the 47th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2018 February 25-28, San Antonio, Texas.

Han M, Roberts A, Allen B, Cardenas AM, Weiss SL. Cytomegalovirus reactivation viremia in pediatric sepsis. Research Presentation at the 47th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2018 February 25-28, San Antonio, Texas.

Dziorny A, Fitzgerald J, Weiss SL. A data-driven quality improvement initiative to reduce unnecessary laboratory testing in the PICU. Research Presentation at the 47th Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, 2018 February 25-28, San Antonio, Texas.

2017

Woods-Hill, Biedron L, Kaminiski S, Papili K, Fitzgerald J, Weiss SL. Electronically augmented “sepsis huddle” decreased time to antibiotics for suspected sepsis in the PICU. Children’s Hospital Association Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Workshop, 2017 December 11-12, Dallas, Texas.

Downes KJ, Schriver E, Russo M, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F, Tolomeo P, Bilker WB, Han JH, Lautenbach E, Coffin SE, Gerber JS for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Implementation of a pragmatic biomarker-driven algorithm to guide antibiotic use in the pediatric intensive care unit: the optimizing antibiotic strategies in sepsis (OASIS) II study. Poster presentation at the IDWeek 2017 Conference, 2017 Oct 4-8, San Diego, CA.

Gu H, Keele L, Hayes K, Fitzgerald J, Weiss SL, Balamuth F. Machine learning predictive modeling for organ dysfunction in children with suspected sepsis in the emergency department. Oral presentation at the American Academy of Pediatrics Annual Meeting, 2017 September, Chicago, Illinois.

Hall M, Steele L, Hanson-Huber L, Agan A, Anushay M, Mourani P, Loftis L, Weiss SL, Paden M, Higgerson R, Hartman M, Randolph A. Longitudinal innate immune function and outcomes from pediatric critical influenza. Platform Presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2017 May 6-9, San Francisco, California.

Glau C, Conlon T, Weiss SL, Yehya N, Himebauch, Nishisaki A. Progressive diaphragm atrophy is present in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Research Presentation at the 46th Critical Care Congress, January 22-25, 2017, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Fitzgerald J, Hensley J, Bush J, Thomas N, Hall M, Muszynski J. Epidemiology of death following pediatric sepsis: when, why, and how septic kids die. Research Snapshot Presentation at the 46th Critical Care Congress, January 22-25, 2017, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Weiss SL, Zhang D, Graham K, Deutschman CS, Kilbaugh T, McGowan F, Becker L, Wallace D. Reduced mitochondrial mass underlays decreased respiration in septic immune cells. Star Research Presentation at the 46th Critical Care Congress, January 22-25, 2017, Honolulu, Hawaii.

***Star Research Achievement Award

***Pediatrics Section Travel Grant Award

2016

Lacey SF, Shaw PA, Teachey DT, Weiss SL, Chen F, Gonzalez V, Frey N, Porter DL, Maude SL, Grupp SA, Pequignot E, June CH, Melenhorst JJ. Biomarker profiling to differentiate sepsis from cytokine release syndrome in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Poster Presentation at the American Society of Hematology 58th Annual Meeting and Exposition, December 3-6, 2016, San Diego, California.

Ballantine A, DiTaranto S, Roberts K, Balamuth F, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald J, Hadley S, Minich C, Rigby V, Keren R. Improving response to suspected sepsis: results of a hospital-wide quality improvement initiative. Poster presentation, American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference & Exhibition, October 22-25, 2016, San Francisco, CA.

Abaya R, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F. Utility of procalcitonin to predict intensive care unit admission and identify bacterial illness in the ED resuscitation of pediatric sepsis. Poster presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, April 30-May 3, 2016, Baltimore, Maryland.

Alqahtani M, Dawson S, Ralay Ranaivo H, Smith CM, Weiss SL, Wainwright M. Biomarkers in pediatric sepsis: MMP-9, TIMP-1, MRPROANP, and adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein. Research Snapshot Presentation at the 45th Critical Care Congress, February 21-24, 2016, Orlando, Florida.

Han M, Fitzgerald J, Balamuth F, Chilutti M, Grundmeier R, Nadkarni V, Thomas N, Weiss SL. Hourly delays to antimicrobial therapy do not increase one-year mortality in pediatric severe sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 2015;43(12) Suppl:A272-273. [Research Snapshot Presentation at the 45th Critical Care Congress, February 21-24, 2016, Orlando, Florida].

Signoff J, Fitzgerald F, Teachey D, Balamuth F, Weiss SL. Hypofibrinogenemia is associated with poor outcome and secondary HLH in pediatric severe sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 2015;43(12) Suppl:A260 [Research Snapshot Presentation at the 45th Critical Care Congress, February 21-24, 2016, Orlando, Florida].

2015

Downes KJ, Weiss SL, Klieger SB, Fitzgerald JC, Balamuth F, Kubis S, Tolomeo P, Bilker W, Han X, Nachamkin I, Garrigan C, Han J, Lautenbach E. Gerber JS, Coffin S for The CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Developing a Biomarker-Driven Algorithm to Improve Antibiotic Use in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: the Optimizing Antibiotic Strategies in Sepsis (OASIS) Study. Oral presentation, IDWeek 2015, San Diego, CA, October 9, 2015.

Balamuth F, Hayes K, Centkowski S, Gagel A, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Chilutti M, Grundmeier R, Lavelle J, Alpern ER. Decreased organ failure in pediatric sepsis treated according to a bundled treatment guideline. Poster presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2015 April 25-28, San Diego, California.

Balamuth F, Funari MK, Hayes K, Schast A, Lavelle J, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Alpern ER, Zorc, JJ. Improved emergency department recognition of pediatric severe sepsis/septic shock with an electronic alert. Platform presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2015 April 25-28, San Diego, California.

Dziorny A, Lautz A, Densen A, O’Connor K, Weiss SL. Procalcitonin for Early Recognition of Severe Bacterial Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Platform presentation, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, 2015 April 25-28, San Diego, California.

Klieger SB, Fitzgerald JC, Weiss SL, Balamuth F, Teszner E, Sammons JS & Coffin SE. Pediatric Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Attributable to Healthcare-Associated Infections. The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) annual meeting. May 2015, Orlando, Florida.

Balamuth F, Caplan I, Scott H, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald J, Kubis S, Chilutti M, Grundmeier R, Alpern ER. Increased risk of one-year all-cause mortality after pediatric severe sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 2014;42(12) Suppl:A1606 [Poster Presentation at the 44th Critical Care Congress, January 2015, Phoenix, Arizona].

2014

Balamuth F, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Hayes K, Chilutti M, Grundmeier R, Myers S, Lautenbach E, Alpern ER. Comparison of two sepsis recognition methods in a pediatric Emergency Department. Platform Presentation at the Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, May 2014, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Invited Lectures

2019

Weiss SL. St. Jude/Pediatric Infectious Disease Society Research Conference, Memphis, TN. “Is Sepsis Still an Infectious Disease?  The Mitochondrial Motor of Sepsis-Induced Organ Dysfunction”, Frontier Lecture in Infectious Diseases, March 8, 2019.

Weiss SL. “PRagMatic Pediatric Trial of Balanced versus nOrmaL Saline FlUid in Sepsis (PRoMPT BOLUS)”, Discovery Winter Clinical Investigators Meeting at the Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, San Diego, CA, February 18, 2019.

2018

Weiss SL. “PRagMatic Pediatric Trial of Balanced versus nOrmaL Saline FlUid in Sepsis:  the PRoMPT BOLUS Pilot Feasibility Study”, Division of Critical Care Medicine Research Conference, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, December 5, 2018.

Weiss SL. Nemours Children’s Hospital, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. “Rapid Recognition & Resuscitation of Pediatric Sepsis:  Hurry Up and Improve Outcomes!”, Department of Pediatrics Grand Rounds, October 11, 2018.

Weiss SL. Goryeb Children’s Hospital, Morristown Medical Center and Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ. “Prompt Recognition & Resuscitation in Pediatric Sepsis:  Hurry Up and Improve Outcomes!”, Pediatric Sepsis Symposium, September 20, 2018.

Weiss SL. “To What Extent Kids Are (and Are Not) Little Adults”, Invited speaker for Children’s Hospital Association & Sepsis Alliance Sepsis Webcast Series, September 18, 2018.

Weiss SL. “Funding Mechanisms in Critical Care Research”, Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Research Webcast, September 13, 2018.

Weiss SL. “Pediatric Sepsis:  The Short and Long of It”, Department of Pediatrics Grand Rounds, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, September 12, 2018.

Weiss SL. “Pediatric Sepsis:  Little People, Big Problem”, 2018 Hospital & Healthsystem Association of Pennsylvania Sepsis Conference:  Mission Possible, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 5, 2018.

Weiss SL. Pacific Northwest Sepsis Conference, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. “Sepsis 101:  Pediatric Sepsis”, June 11-12, 2018.

Weiss SL. Pacific Northwest Sepsis Conference, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. “Sepsis Pathophysiology:  To What Extent Kids Are—and Are NOT—Little Adults?”, June 11-12, 2018.

Weiss SL. Pacific Northwest Sepsis Conference, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. “Targeting the Mitochondria in Pediatric Sepsis:  Should We Be Resuscitating the Ch’i, June 11-12, 2018.

Weiss SL. “Clinical Advances Then and Now:  Pediatric Sepsis”, 50th Anniversary of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PICU, Philadelphia, PA, April 14, 2018.

Weiss SL. “Recent Reports of Basic and Translational Critical Care Research”, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, San Antonia, Texas, February 27, 2018.

Weiss SL. “Role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Mitochondrial-Induced Immune Dysregulation in Pediatric Sepsis”, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, San Antonia, Texas, February 26, 2018.

2017

Weiss SL. “PRoMPT BOLUS:  Getting to the Starting Line of Pragmatic Acute Care Sepsis Trial”, Clinical Trials Research Affinity Group, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, December 7, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Pediatric Sepsis Definitions and Guidelines:  Past, Present, and Future”, Invited speaker for Children’s Hospital Association Sepsis Webcast Series, November 16, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Fluid Resuscitation:  200 Years of Practice and Still Not Perfect”, Neonatology Research Seminar, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, October 12, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Management of Pediatric Sepsis and the Role Clinically-Available Biomarkers May Play in More Complex Cases”, Invited panelist for Medscape video-conference, New York, New York, June 30, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Mitochondrial-Induced Immune Dysregulation in Pediatric Sepsis”, PennCHOP Microbiome Lab Meeting, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, June 14, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Mortality Post-Discharge from Sepsis”, 28th Annual Meeting of The European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Lisbon, Portugal, June 8, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Which Antibiotics to Use in Sepsis? The Use and Misuse of Antibiotics”, 28th Annual Meeting of The European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Lisbon, Portugal, June 7, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Can We Prevent Development of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome?”, Pre-meeting Sepsis Workshop at the 28th Annual Meeting of The European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Lisbon, Portugal, June 6, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and the Immune Response in Sepsins”, 40th Annual Conference on Shock, The Shock Society, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, June 3, 2017.

Weiss SL. Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children’s Hospital at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. “Prompt Recognition & Resuscitation in Pediatric Sepsis:  Hurry Up and Improve Outcomes!”, Department of Pediatrics Grand Rounds, May 10-11, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Global Epidemiology of Pediatric Severe Sepsis: The SPROUT Study”, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, May 8, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Definitions, Epidemiology, and Guidelines (Oh My!) for Pediatric Sepsis”, Emergency Medicine Special Interest Group, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, May 7, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Resuscitating the Resuscitation Algorithm for Pediatric Septic Shock: Can We Do Better”, 8° Congreso Argentino de Emergencias y Cuidados Criticos en Pediatria (8th Argentina Congress for Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care), Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 28, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pediatric Sepsis: Should We Be Resuscitating Our Patients’ Ch’i”, 8° Congreso Argentino de Emergencias y Cuidados Criticos en Pediatria (8th Argentina Congress for Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care), Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 28, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Global Epidemiology of Pediatric Severe Sepsis: Lessons Learned from the SPROUT Study”, 8° Congreso Argentino de Emergencias y Cuidados Criticos en Pediatria (8th Argentina Congress for Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care), Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 27, 2017.

Weiss SL. “Understanding Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pediatric Sepsis:  Should We Be Resuscitating Our Patients’ Ch’i?”, Grand Rounds, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, April 6, 2017.

2016

Weiss SL. “Decreased Mitochondrial Respiration and Content in Pediatric Sepsis”, The 6th Regional Translational Research in Mitochondria, Aging, and Disease Symposium, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, October 29, 2016.

Weiss SL. “PRoMPT BOLUS: Pragmatic Pediatric Trial of Balanced vs Normal Saline Fluid in Sepsis”, PECARN Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 16, 2016.

Weiss SL. “Utility of Procalcitonin to Augment Care in Pediatric Illness", Grand Rounds, Department of Pediatrics, Jersey Shore Medical Center, Neptune City, NJ, August 30, 2016.

Weiss SL. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pediatric Sepsis and Cardiovascular Disease: Should We Be Resuscitating the Ch’i?”, Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, June 24, 2016.

Weiss SL. “Late Breakers: Comparison of Pediatric Severe Sepsis Managed in USA and European Intensive Care Units”, 8th World Congress on Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care, Toronto, Canada, June 8, 2016.

Weiss SL. “Pediatrics Year-In-Review: Clinical and Translational Science”, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress, Orlando, Florida, February 23, 2016.

2015

Weiss SL. Department of Pediatrics, Yale-New Haven Children’s Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. “Clinical Utility of Procalcitonin in Pediatric Illness:  How do (or even should) I incorporate this novel biomarker into my practice?”, Department of Pediatrics Grand Rounds, December 16, 2015.

Weiss SL. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. “Targeting the Mitochondria in Pediatric Sepsis:  Should We Be Resuscitating the Ch’i?”, Department of Pediatrics Translational Research Seminar, October 19-20, 2015.

Weiss SL. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pediatric Sepsis”, Clinical and Translational Research Institute Seminar Series, June 16, 2015.

Weiss SL. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. “Energy Failure in Sepsis and Multi-Organ Dysfunction:  It’s not all in the (oxygen) delivery”, Department of Pediatrics Grand Rounds, April 10, 2015.

Weiss SL. “Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pediatric Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome”, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Workshop, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, March 27, 2015.

2014

Weiss SL. “Pediatric Sepsis: A Growing Problem with Potential Solutions”, Pediatric Infectious Disease Consortium, September 5, 2014.

Awards and Honors

2017, Fellow of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (FCCM)

2017, Editor’s commendation for authorship in Emergency Medicine, UpToDate

2017, Presidential Citation, Society of Critical Care Medicine

2017, Pediatric Section Travel Grant Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress

2017, Star Research Achievement Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress

2015, Patient-Oriented Research Track Award, CHOP Research Poster Day

2014, Sepsis Specialty Research Award, Society of Critical Care Medicine Annual Congress

2010, Pediatric Critical Care Colloquium Travel Award

2000, Golden Key International Honor Society, Cornell University

2000, Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, Cornell University (top 5% of class)

2000, Merrill Presidential Scholar, Cornell University (top 1% of class)

1999, Alpha Epsilon Delta Pre-Medical Honor Society

1999, Merit Scholarship, Boston University Study Abroad

1999, Quill & Dagger Senior Honor Society, Cornell University

1998, Sophomore Academic Achievement Award, Cornell University

1996-2000, Dean’s List, Cornell University

1996-2000, Robinson Award for Academic Excellence, Cornell University

Editorial and Academic Positions

Editorial Positions

2015-present, Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care, Editorial Board

Ad hoc Reviewer

2017, The Lancet Infectious Diseases

2017, BMJ Open

2017, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism

2016, Jornal de Pediatria

2016, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

2016, BMC Anesthesiology

2015, The Journal of Pediatrics

2015, BMC Pediatrics

2015, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

2015, PLoS One

2015, Journal of Clinical Trials

2015, BMC Medicine

2014, Respiratory Care

Academic and Institutional Committees

2017-present, Scholarly Oversight Committee, PCCM Fellows 2017-2020, Chair

2016-present, Evaluation and Feedback Improvement Committee

2014-2016, Selection Committee for the Clinical Research Coordinator Research Excellence @ CHOP (CRC RE@CH) Award

2014-present, CHOP Sepsis Governance Committee

2012-present, PICU Sepsis Management Guideline Development Committee

2012-present, Interactive Continuing Education (ICE) for RNs, Founder and Co-chair

Leadership and Memberships

Memberships in Professional Organizations

International

2008-present, Society of Critical Care Medicine

 - 2017-present, Basic and Translational Science Subcommittee, Research Section, Chair

 - 2016-present, Pediatric Surviving Sepsis Campaign Task Force, Co-Vice Chair

National

2012-present, Shock Society

2008-present, American Academy of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care

2007-present, American Medical Association

2004-present, American Academy of Pediatrics