Science-based Vaccine Recommendations Archive
2025
Vaccine Integrity Project (VIP)
August 19, 2025, review of fall respiratory viruses (Influenza, COVID-19, RSV)
VIP’s review of fall respiratory viruses were based on the latest ACIP reviews using the Evidence to Recommendations (EtR) framework for each of the three viruses. ACIP information prior to VIP analyses can be found here:
- Influenza: February 2024 meeting | June 2024 meeting | October 2024 meeting | April 2025 meeting
- COVID-19: February 2024 meeting | June 2024 meeting | October 2024 meeting | April 2025 meeting
- RSV: February 2024 meeting | June 2024 meeting | October 2024 meeting | April 2025 meeting
December 2, 2025, review of universal hepatitis B birth dose
About acetaminophen and autism
If you are getting questions following the recent announcement by federal officials related to acetaminophen use during pregnancy and development of autism, the following statements and resources may be helpful.
Statements
Resources
- ACOG’s Acetaminophen in Pregnancy FAQ
- AAP’s resource for parents on acetaminophen dosing in children
- CHOP’s resource for parents on acetaminophen safety in children and during pregnancy
- AAP’s resource for parents on autism, including info on leucovorin
- Autism Speaks webpage on causes of autism
- Autism Science Foundation and Vaccinate Your Family resource on vaccines and autism
- VEC’s autism and vaccines resources
2026
January 2026 HHS schedule changes: Statements and supporting information
- AAP statement: AAP Opposes Federal Health Officials’ Unprecedented Move to Remove Universal Childhood Immunization Recommendations
- Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) statement
- American Medical Association (AMA) statement
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) statement
- AAP webpage about the schedule for the public
- VEC’s webpages, “Science Behind the Vaccine Schedule” and “Global Immunization: Controlling the Spread of Disease,” specifically the section, “Variation among vaccine schedules”
2025-2026 Seasonal respiratory viruses: Recommendations and statements
- Recommendations for the Prevention of RSV Disease in Infants and Children: Policy Statement
- Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2025–2026: Policy Statement
- The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) has the same recommendations for children related to COVID-19, influenza and RSV.
Adults 18 years and older
Because different groups of clinical specialists care for adults with various health-related conditions, several professional societies represent these clinicians. In this section, you will find links to recommendations or statements from these groups, organized by vaccine. If you do not see a vaccine listed, no statements regarding changes to the ACIP’s recommendations originally published in January 2025 on the adult immunization schedule have been made. The originally approved and published 2025 adult schedule is available on the American College of Physicians (ACP) website.
COVID-19
| Source of guidance, date published | Population impacted | Summary recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| ACOG, August 2025 February 2026 | Pregnant and lactating individuals | Recommends use of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant and lactating individuals. Reconfirmed in February 2026 “Maternal Immunizations” recommendations. |
| ACC, August 2025 | Individuals with heart disease | Primary series and 2024-2025 vaccine for persons 6 months of age and older. |
| AAFP, September 2025 | All adults | Recommends use of COVID-19 vaccine for all adults, particularly those 65 years and older, those with conditions that increase their risk of severe disease, and those who have never received a COVID-19 vaccine. They also recommend use anytime during pregnancy and during lactation. |
| IDSA, October 2025 | These recommendations address patients who have a hematologic malignancy, primary immunodeficiency, autoimmune disease treated with immunosuppressants or biologics, or HIV with severe immunosuppression (CD4 < 15% or <200/mm³), as well as patients who are recipients of solid organ transplants (SOT), hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), or solid-tumor chemotherapy. | Strongly recommends administering age-appropriate 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccine to these patients. Refer to table 1 of the recommendations for timing based on risk group. |
Abbreviations: ACOG, American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians; ACC, American College of Cardiology; AAFP, American Academy of Family Physicians; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America
Influenza
| Source of guidance, date published | Population impacted | Summary recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| ACOG, August 2025 February 2026 | Pregnant and lactating individuals | Recommends use of influenza vaccine among all individuals who will be pregnant during influenza season. Nasal spray vaccine is not approved for use during pregnancy. Reconfirmed in February 2026 “Maternal Immunizations” recommendations. |
| ACC, August 2025 | Individuals with heart disease | Annual for persons aged > 6 months; nasal spray vaccine is not recommended for patients aged 50 years of age and older. Specific vaccines are recommended for those aged 65 years of age and older. |
| AAFP, September 2025 | Everyone 6 months and older | Recommends use of age-appropriate version of influenza vaccine for everyone 6 months and older who does not have medical contraindications. |
| IDSA, November 2025 | Adults and children with compromised immunity, including solid organ transplant, hematologic malignancy, HCT/CART-T, solid tumor chemotherapy, primary immunodeficiency, autoimmune immunosuppression, and HIV | Strongly recommends administering age-appropriate 2025-2026 Influenza vaccinations. Refer to table 3 of the recommendations for timing based on risk group. |
Abbreviations: ACOG, American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians; ACC, American College of Cardiology; AAFP, American Academy of Family Physicians; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
| Source of guidance, date published | Population impacted | Summary recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| ACOG, August 2025 February 2026 | Pregnant and lactating individuals | Provides guidance for the use of RSV vaccine during pregnancy for the prevention of severe RSV disease in young infants. Reconfirmed in February 2026 “Maternal Immunizations” recommendations. |
| ACC, August 2025 | Individuals with heart disease | One-time vaccination for adults 50 years of age and older. |
| AAFP, September 2025 | Certain adults | One dose of RSV vaccine is recommended for adults 75 years and older, those 50-74 years of age at increased risk. During pregnancy: One dose of Abrysvo if 32-36 weeks of gestation occurs between September and January. |
| IDSA, November 2025 | Adults and adolescents with compromised immunity, including solid organ transplant, hematologic malignancy, HCT/CAR-T, solid tumor chemotherapy, primary immunodeficiency, autoimmune immunosuppression, and HIV | Strongly recommends administering age-appropriate 2025-2026 RSV vaccinations. Refer to table 5 of the recommendations for timing based on risk group. |
| ACP, March 2026 | Adults aged 18 years or older who are not pregnant or immunocompromised | Practice point 1: Adults aged 75 years or older should receive a protein subunit RSV vaccine. Practice point 2: Adults aged 60 to 74 years who are at increased risk for severe RSV may consider receiving a protein subunit RSV vaccine. These practice points were informed by a rapid review analysis. |
Abbreviations: ACOG, American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians; ACC, American College of Cardiology; AAFP, American Academy of Family Physicians; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America; ACP, American College of Physicians
Reviewed by Paul A. Offit, MD, on Sept. 14, 2026