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This seminar focuses on Neurology and was delivered in Salzburg, Austria, from March 3 – 9, 2019. The lectures are prepared by staff from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in weeklong modules that are prepared in affiliation with the American Austrian Foundation's Open Medical Institute. The lectures of this seminar are presented in the order of the live event.

Introduction to Brain Imaging

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand imaging modalities for the central and peripheral nervous system, the evolution of MRI including ischemia, hemorrhage and normal myelination, as well as the MRI algorithm for white matter disorders.

Malformations of Cerebral Development

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand how cerebral malformations are connected to the underlying steps of brain development, learn the specific factors that impact the occurrence of malformations, and review examples of brain malformations, causes and presentations.

Pediatric Epilepsy: An Overview

At the end of this session, learners will be able to recite the definition of epilepsy, understand the elements of making an epilepsy diagnosis, learn the latest epilepsy and seizure classifications system, the recurrence risk after a first unprovoked seizure, and more.

Episodic Events: Seizure or Not?

At the end of this session, learners will be able to distinguish seizures from non-epileptic events by emphasizing: simple rain anatomy and pathways, circumstances of events, pattern recognition, and value of a detailed and accurate history, as well as appreciate the difficulty of an accurate diagnosis.

Infantile Spasms — Treatment and Outcome Update

At the end of this session, learners will be able to locate infantile spasms (IS) in the revised ILAE epilepsy classification, summarize current data or short-term treatment of IS, review impact of IS etiology and treatment on development, and review IS studies currently underway.

Pediatric Epilepsy: What to do When Medications Fail

At the end of this session, learners will be able to name the four categories of treatment options in epilepsy, list indications and contraindications for the ketogenic diet, list some noninvasive studies performed as part of an epilepsy surgery evaluation, recite types of epilepsy surgery, and discuss when to make ketogenic diet, surgery, and VNS reals.

Epilepsy: Beyond Seizures and Side Effects

At the end of this session, learners will be able to list psychosocial conditions associated with pediatric epilepsy, understand that every patient and family are at risk, consider approaches for early recognition and management of such conditions, and discuss challenges in measuring associated condition in epilepsy clinical trials.

Common Pediatric Neuromuscular Complaints

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand differences between peripheral vs central causes of neuromuscular diseases, the history of metabolic and neuromuscular junction disorders, and more through case presentations and evaluations.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Other Myopathies

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand the different types of muscle diseases, with respect to presentation, progression and associated symptoms, as well as things to look for while diagnosing and treating patients with muscular disorders.

Leukodystrophies: Can't-Miss Presentations

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand leukodystrophies, review typical presentations of disease through case presentations, and highlight atypical presentations of disease through case presentations.

Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes and More

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand how to identify common pediatric epilepsy syndromes, recognize EE patterns associated with these syndromes, and practice thinking through diagnosis and management in specific childhood epilepsy scenarios.

Treatment Advances in Leukodystrophies

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand the rationale for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in lysosomal disorders, present clinical trial data using ex vivo gene therapy in combination with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and key drug therapies.

Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Entering the Treatment Age

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand pathophysiology and genetic basis for SMA, describe mechanisms of Nusinersen (Spinraza) and its impact on the early diagnosis of SMA, review new and future treatments in the pipeline for SMA, and address current clinical care of SMA and how it is changing with new treatment options.

The Expanding Phenotypes of Neuroinflammatory Diseases

At the end of this session, learners will be able to understand the rationale for diagnostic criteria, discuss the evolution of the International Pediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) and the McDonald criteria over time, present the impact of such definition of the field of pediatric demyelination, introduce the broadening spectrum of neuroinflammatory disorders, and discuss current treatment strategies for inflammatory disorders.