This study is sponsored by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Radiology. The purpose of this research is to study 18F-L-Fluoro-DOPA (F-DOPA), a tracer, which is used to take pictures of the pancreas. This imaging test is called an F-DOPA PET scan. The F-DOPA tracer is used to highlight areas of the pancreas that make too much insulin on the PET scan images. The test includes a CT scan (computerized tomography) done at the same time on the same machine, to help define exactly where the highlighted area is located within the pancreas and determine the location of blood vessels and other vital structures. Who can participate:

• Infants, children and adults with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, diagnosed by a fasting test and/or response to glucagon stimulation
• Any age, from birth on
• Requiring surgery to remove part or all of the pancreas

The goal of the study extension is to see whether the incretin hormone GIP increases insulin secretion in individuals with CF and normal glucose tolerance compared to individuals without CF and normal glucose tolerance. This study includes 3 or 4 visits.

The purpose of this research study is to examine and understand the various mechanisms that contribute to CFRD and gain a better understanding of potential means to treat CFRD. Participation will include 2-3 visits, home monitoring, and will last about 2 years.

The goals of this research study are to find out how having COVID-19 recently affects blood sugar, inflammation, and insulin in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We also want to see if COVID-19 changes blood vessel health or makes blood clot more easily. We will also look at how things like genes, lifestyle, and environment might affect these issues.

The DISCOVERY Study is a new, national effort to learn about the causes of type 2 diabetes in children. DISCOVERY is for children 9-14 years old who are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We want to figure out why some children get type 2 diabetes and others do not.

The purpose of this study is to look at the safety and tolerability (how well you will react) of the study drug (HM15136) and to determine if it is effective for the treatment of Congenital Hyperinsulinism (HI). HM15136 is an experimental drug which is not approved by the FDA for the treatment of HI. HM15136 is stable and has a long effect in the body, only requiring it to be given (by injection) once a week. HM15136 is designed to act like glucagon, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps the body maintain normal blood sugar levels by increasing the glucose produced in the liver and breaking down glycogen (a form of stored glucose) into the usable glucose form.

Participation lasts for up to 22 weeks and will involve up to 13 study visits. Study procedures include taking the study drug for 8 weeks, having electrocardiograms, wearing a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and using a handheld glucose meter, having blood and urine tests, and completing an electronic diary.

The main risks of this study include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, injection site reactions (swelling, itching, bleeding, or pain), loss of appetite, weight loss, high blood sugar. You may benefit if the study drug proves to be more effective than your current treatment plan in treating low blood sugar.

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is an important substance found in the body that plays a role in energy metabolism and overall health. The purpose of this research study is to test the performance of a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique (spectroscopy) to measure NAD+ metabolism in brain and skeletal muscle. MRI provides pictures of the inside of the body and information about chemicals the body makes.We are seeking to enroll males and females with Friedrichs Ataxia (FA) as well as healthy matched volunteers, 18 years of age and above. Pregnant females excluded for safety purposes.

The purpose of the study is to determine changes in lactate and creatine in calf muscle of healthy adult volunteers. Males and females of different ages (18 - 30 years, 45-55 years, and 70-80 years) will be asked to attend a single in-person study visit. Prior to the completing the MRI scan, the study team will review the health status of individuals.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how safe and effective the drug Qsymia (Phentermine/Topiramate of Ph/T) is for children, adolescents, and young adults with hypothalamic obesity. We will also evaluate if Ph/T helps with weight loss and changes in hunger in patients with hypothalamic obesity.

If you are determined to be eligible, then your participation will last for approximately 8 months. Participants will be asked to complete up to 5 in-person visits and 5 telephone safety check-ins. During the study you will be randomly assigned to study drug (phentermine/topiramate) or placebo for 28 weeks.

You will complete study procedures including blood tests, ECGs, mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry, body composition scan, and questionnaires. Compensation and reimbursement of limited travel expenses is available.