The purpose of this study is to find out how the brain learns to move in infants with and without brain injury. Some infants with brain injury later have cerebral palsy (CP), a condition that makes it hard for infants to learn how to move and control their balance, and others do not. Three groups of infants will participate- infants who had a brain injury and are at high risk for CP, infants who had a brain injury and are not at high risk for CP, and infants who are typically developing.

The purpose of this study to learn more about the brain function of females with Rett Syndrome and how it compares to the brain function of typically developing females. The primary investigator of the study is Dr. Eric Marsh. For our research to be successful we need to partner with families who have a typically developing daughter between the age of 1 and 17. If your child agrees to help us with our study she will be asked to:

• Complete intelligence testing
• Receive an Evoked Potential measurement - this is a non-invasive procedure similar to an EEG.
• Complete yearly follow up visits

The purpose of this study is to look at the Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in children with brain tumors and healthy children. An MRI is a machine which takes pictures of the brain. The type of MRI image in this study is a new type that is not yet FDA approved and the study is looking to see if the new type of MRI image is useful in looking at sodium in the brain and brain tumors. Sodium MRI (also known as 23Na-MRI) is a useful non-invasive imaging technique to assess biochemical and physiologic changes in tissues, e.g. integrity of cells and tissue viability. Sodium MRI has been beneficial in the evaluation of several neurological disorders including acute ischemic strokes, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, migraines, and multiple tumor types, including tumors outside of the central nervous system.

We want to study brain responses during simulated driving and are currently looking for participants 12-17 years old or those who have had brain surgery. To do so, we'll have eligible participants come to CHOP for some non-invasive (safe) brain scans and drive using a simulator. If you are interested in learning more about the study, please contact Victoria Kaufman at kaufmanv@chop.edu or 267-425-4150.