Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Clinical Pathway — Inpatient

Differential Diagnosis for Autoimmune Encephalitis

Primary CNS Inflammatory	Other types of autoimmune encephalitis, including myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) Primary or secondary CNS vasculitis Demyelinating diseases Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Multiple sclerosis Neuromyelitis optica Rasmussen encephalitis
Systemic Inflammatory	Autoimmune diseases Antiphospholipid syndrome Behcet's disease Celiac disease Sarcoidosis Sjogren syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Autoinflammatory disease Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Interferonopathies
Infectious	Bacteria Viruses (HSV and others) Other infections
Diseases with Immune Mechanisms	Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizure and diffusion restriction (AESD) Poststreptococcal neuropsychiatric disorders, including Sydenham chorea
Metabolic	Genetic/inherited diseases Leukodystrophies Mitochondrial diseases Mucopolysaccharidoses Organic acidurias Wilson disease Hepatic encephalopathy
Neoplastic	Primary CNS tumors Astrocytoma Glioma Lymphoma Metastatic disease Leukemia Neuroblastoma
Nutritional	Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
Psychiatric	New onset schizophrenia Other psychotic disorder Bipolar disorder Depressive/mood disorders with psychotic features Agitation or confusion Conversion disorder Delirium Non-epileptiform seizures
Toxic	Recreational drugs Alcohol Cocaine Marijuana Methamphetamines Opioids Synthetic cannabinoids Ingestions Ethylene glycol Inhalants Methanol Medications Cyclosporine Metronidazole Refer to Toxic Ingestion Clinical Pathway

Reference

Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis in the Pediatric Patient

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The clinical pathways are based upon publicly available medical evidence and/or a consensus of medical practitioners at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (“CHOP”) and are current at the time of publication. These clinical pathways are intended to be a guide for practitioners and may need to be adapted for each specific patient based on the practitioner’s professional judgment, consideration of any unique circumstances, the needs of each patient and their family, and/or the availability of various resources at the health care institution where the patient is located.

Accordingly, these clinical pathways are not intended to constitute medical advice or treatment, or to create a doctor-patient relationship between/among The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (“CHOP”), its physicians and the individual patients in question. CHOP does not represent or warrant that the clinical pathways are in every respect accurate or complete, or that one or more of them apply to a particular patient or medical condition. CHOP is not responsible for any errors or omissions in the clinical pathways, or for any outcomes a patient might experience where a clinician consulted one or more such pathways in connection with providing care for that patient.

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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Clinical Pathway — Inpatient

Differential Diagnosis for Autoimmune Encephalitis

Reference

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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis — Differential Diagnosis — Clinical Pathway: Inpatient

Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Clinical Pathway — Inpatient

Differential Diagnosis for Autoimmune Encephalitis

Reference