Fever in the Returned Traveler — Unusual Exposures During Travel — Clinical Pathway: Emergency Department

Fever In the Returned Traveler — Emergency Department

Unusual Exposures During Travel

Exposure Infectious Diseases that Cause Fever
  • Ingestions
  • Contaminated food or water
  • Raw or undercooked meat/seafood
  • Unpasteurized milk
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  • Bacterial gastroenteritis
    i.e., enterotoxigenic E. coli, Shigella, Campylobacter
  • Chagas disease, Cholera, Hepatitis A and E, Salmonellosis, Typhoid fever, Viral gastroenteritis, Vibrio infections
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  • Brucellosis, Cholera, hepatitis A, Toxoplasmosis, Trichinosis, Typhoid fever, Vibrio infections, Yersiniosis
  •  
  • Brucellosis, listeriosis, Q fever, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever, Yersiniosis
  • Freshwater Swimming
  • Leptospirosis, Schistosomiasis
  • Insect bites
  • Mosquitoes
  • Ticks
  • Lice or fleas
  • Flies
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  • Triatomine bugs
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  • Chikungunya, Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Malaria, Rift Valley fever, West Nile, Yellow fever, Zika
  •  
  • Rickettsial diseases (Spotted fever, African tick bite fever), Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis
  •  
  • Plague (Yersinia pestis), Scrub typhus
  • African trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis
  •  
  • Chagas disease
  • Animal Contact
  • Any mammal bite or scratch, especially from bats, stray dogs
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  • Cat bite or scratch
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  • Rodent bite or scratch
  • Contact with birds (parrots, cockatiels, and poultry like turkey or ducks)
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  • Contact with rodent feces/urine
  • Contact with infected livestock
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  • Contact with reptiles
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  • Contact with camels
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  • Macaque monkey bite or scratch
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  • Rabies
  • Cat-scratch disease (bartonellosis)
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  • All tick-borne diseases, Rat-bite fever, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Plague (Yersinia pestis), Viral hemorrhagic fevers (e.g. Lassa fever)
  •  
  • Psittacosis
  • Leptospirosis, Hantavirus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Typhoid fever, Viral hemorrhagic fevers (e.g. Lassa fever)
  •  
  • Anthrax, Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Q fever, Salmonellosis
  •  
  • Salmonellosis
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  • MERS
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  • B virus
  • Sexual contact
  • Acute HIV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Herpes simplex, Hepatitis B and C, Syphilis, Zika
  • Blood transfusion or needle contact
  • Injection, tattoo, skin piercing
  • Acute HIV, Babesiosis, Chagas disease, Hepatitis B and C, Malaria, Q fever, Toxoplasmosis
  • Sick contacts
  • Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Viral hemorrhagic fevers
  • Mass gathering
  • COVID-19, Influenza, Meningococcal disease (e.g. Hajj pilgrimage),
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome, other respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses