| Cardiac |
- Congenital heart defects
- Cardiomyopathy, endocarditis/myocarditis
- Arrhythmia
- Cardiac tumors
- Cardiac surgery
|
Hematologic Disorders
and Coagulopathies |
- Disordered coagulation, congenital or acquired
- Severe anemia, polycythemia, thrombocytosis
- Sickle cell disease
- Dehydration
- Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), Immune thrombocytopenia (TTP),
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- Oncologic disease
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Pregnancy and the postpartum period
|
| Vasculitis/Vasculopathies |
- Focal cerebral arteriopathy
- Moyamoya
- Dissection
- Rheumatologic syndrome
|
| Infection |
- Meningitis/encephalitis
- Mastoiditis/otitis media
- HIV, syphilis
- Varicella
- Tuberculosis
- Systemic infection, Lemierre’s syndrome
|
| Metabolic/Miscellaneous |
Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, etc. |
| Other Vascular |
- Vasospasm
- e.g., reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
- Migraine, complex
- Hypertension
- Vascular instrumentation
- Fibromuscular dysplasia
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
|
| Vascular Malformations |
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Cavernous malformation
- Intracranial aneurysm
|
Trauma
Including non-accidental |
- Blunt and penetrating cervical trauma
- Head trauma
|
| Brain Tumor |
- Secondary hemorrhage, edema
- Vascular compression
|
| Drugs |
- Cocaine
- Amphetamines
- Oral contraceptives
- L-asparaginase
|