Neonatal Follow-Up Program: Valued Partner In Research Endeavors
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Neonatology UpdatePublished on
Neonatology UpdateBy Hallam Hurt, MD, Education Director and Attending Neonatologist, Neonatal Follow-Up Program
In the midst of a busy day providing hands-on clinical care and developmental evaluations to vulnerable babies and children in our Neonatal Follow-up Program (NFP), there is another less visible but vital activity: research. Some research endeavors include real-time, specific, hands-on assessments by medical providers and developmental psychologists. Other endeavors rely remotely on data generated during NFP visits. Yet others capitalize on the steady stream of patients coming through our doors to recruit families into studies that are conducted elsewhere. While the NFP often is the silent partner in these endeavors, NFP involvement is crucial to provision of meaningful data. Here, to highlight the broad portfolio of research to which the NFP is integral, we describe several ongoing or recently completed investigations.
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network (NRN) is a consortium of 15 academic centers conducting research to improve the outcomes of high-risk newborns and their families. For many NRN trials, neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 to 2.5 years is utilized to determine the effect or lack of effect of certain practices. The following examples further illustrate some of the ongoing NRN research activities:
Generic Follow-up Study: This repository does not require randomization of infants to one intervention or another. Rather, it provides a unique opportunity to gather valuable data about outcomes of infants born at fewer than 27 weeks. Infants of this gestational age are followed in the NFP, with the so-called “key” visit occurring at 22 to 26.5 months corrected age. At this visit, families are consented for their child’s data to be placed in a database and no actual research is conducted. Existence of this database then enables investigators to pose questions and interrogate the database for answers.
You may wonder, if no research per se is conducted at this visit, what does happen? Meticulous, structured neurodevelopmental evaluations are carried out by certified medical and developmental examiners. Further, careful histories are documented including hospitalizations and operations post-discharge, vision and hearing outcomes, medication use, subspecialty care involvement, equipment needs, and sociodemographic data.
All the resultant data are entered into the NRN database that investigators may utilize. For example, CHOP Neonatologist Erik Jensen, MD, and his colleagues constructed a new definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) through evaluation of data for 2,677 infants. The definition that best predicted early childhood morbidity was mode of respiratory support at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age regardless of supplemental oxygen use. This definition is increasingly used by clinicians and researchers around the world; for example, the Vermont Oxford Network now uses this definition. (Jensen et al; AJRCCM 2019)
None of these projects could be carried out without the tremendous energy and hard work of myriad individuals (too many to name!) ranging from concept inception to the last data point entered. Further, it should be noted that these studies are not exclusively conducted at the NFP site at CHOP’s Buerger Center for Advanced Pediatric Care in Philadelphia. Other valued partners in many of these endeavors include NFP sites at Pennsylvania Hospital and Virtua. Together, we provide the essential outcomes data that will shape the future of neonatal care.