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Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed — Differential Diagnosis — Clinical Pathway: Emergency Department, ICU and Inpatient

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Clinical Pathway — Emergency Department, ICU and Inpatient

Differential Diagnosis

Common Causes of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children

All Ages Infancy (1 mo to 2 yrs) Preschool (2-5 yrs) School Age (> 5 yrs) Neonatal (Birth to 1 mo)
  • Mallory-Weiss tear
  • Peptic ulcer disease
    • e.g., H. pylori
  • Esophagitis/gastritis/duodenitis
    • e.g., infectious, allergic, or inflammatory
  • Caustic/foreign body ingestion
  • Medications, pill esophagitis
  • Coagulopathy
    • e.g., liver disease or coagulation disorders
  • Vascular malformations
  • Polyps
  • Anastomotic ulcers
  • Epistaxis
  • Mallory-Weiss tear
  • Cow's milk protein allergy
  • Foreign body
  • Toxic ingestion
  • GI malformation
    • Intestinal duplication
    • Pyloric stenosis
  • Epistaxis
  • Mallory-Weiss tear
  • Esophageal varices
  • Foreign body/bezoar
  • Toxic ingestion
  • Henoch Schönlein purpura
  • Epistaxis
  • Mallory-Weiss tear
  • Gastritis
  • Esophagitis
  • Toxic ingestion
  • Foreign body
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Vascular malformations
  • Swallowed maternal blood and GI malformations
    • Duodenal web
    • Antral web
    • GI duplications
    • Malrotation
    • Pyloric stenosis
  • Hemorrhagic disease of newborn
  • Cow's milk protein allergy

Reference

Current Management, Controversies, and Advances  

 

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