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This seminar focuses on pediatric urology and was delivered in Salzburg, Austria, from April 15 – 21, 2018. The lectures are prepared by staff from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) in weeklong modules that are prepared in affiliation with the American Austrian Foundation's Open Medical Institute. The lectures of this seminar are presented in the order of the live event.

Pediatric Urologic Emergencies

At the conclusion of this session, participants will become familiar with various types of pediatric urological emergencies and their urgent interventions. In addition, participants will understand how to recognize and diagnose these emergencies through the initial physical exam and diagnostic imaging.

Cryptorchidism

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to follow the evidence-based guideline for the management of a child with cryptorchidism by taking a proper gestational history, understanding the correct methodology of a well-child visit and knowing when to refer a child to a urology specialist for further examination.

Office-based Pediatric Urology

At the conclusion of this session, participants will be able to understand what office-based pediatric urology entails, and the components of a successful office procedure, diagnostic tools, therapeutic interventions and invasive procedures that are key to this type of urology.

Neuropathic Bladder and Myelomeningocele

At the conclusion of this session, participants will have a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between myelomeningocele and neuropathic bladder through statistics and research trials. In addition, the learner will be able to understand the importance of early intervention with urodynamic studies, which will potentially lead to treatment and transitional care for the patient.

Imperforate Anus, Urogenital Sinus, and Cloaca

At the conclusion of this session, participants should understand the anatomy and prevalence of an imperforate anus, a urogenital sinus and cloaca anomalies in pediatrics, as well as the appropriate preoperative planning, surgical repairs and potential complications that come along with those conditions.

Cloacal and Bladder Exstrophy

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to describe the evaluation techniques, preferred course of treatment, surgical objectives, and potential long-term concerns of three congenital urological abnormalities: cloacal exstrophy, bladder exstrophy and epispadias.

Disorders of Sex Development

At the conclusion of this session, participants will be able to understand different types of sex development disorders, how to evaluate the patient through physical exams and imaging studies and possible complications that arise from these specific disorders.

Adolescent Varicocele

At the conclusion of this session, participants will be able to understand the basic anatomy and recommendations for evaluation and follow-up for adolescent patients with varicocele. In addition, learners will be able to describe research findings related to semen analysis and how that form of testing relates back to reliably diagnosing patients with varicocele.

The Wet Child

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to discuss the epidemiology and pathology of voiding dysfunction in pediatric patients. In addition, participants will learn how to properly evaluate a patient, assess a child's motivation and maturation, identify comorbid conditions, treat specific voiding dysfunction and focus on managing days before nights.

Pediatric Nephrolithiasis: The Newest Epidemic of Childhood

At the conclusion of this session, participants will be able to identify the major clinical features associated with diagnosing and treating pediatric nephrolithiasis, as well as understand and potentially follow the various steps of medical management for secondary prevention.

Pediatric Laparoscopy to Robotics

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to review the history and indications of laparoscopy, compare and contrast laparoscopy to robotic procedures and summarize beneficial tips when using robotic assisted laparoscopy.

Posterior Urethral Valves

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to define posterior urethral valves (PUV), understand the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PUV, identify the clinical presentation and treatments of PUV and understand how to manage patients with PUV.

Pediatric Genitourinary Trauma

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to discuss the incidence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various pediatric genitourinary traumas, including testicular, bladder, urethral and renal traumas.

Prune Belly

At the conclusion of this session, participants should be able to discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of prune belly, as well as understand the associated differential diagnosis, risks and goals of treatment and immediate and long-term management methodology.

Pediatric Urologic Oncology

At the conclusion of this session, participants should use the two presented cases to understand the incidence, causes, pathophysiology and treatment of patients with Wilms Tumor and gonadoblastoma. In addition, participants should have a better understanding of various types of urologic tumors, in regard to the epidemiology, pathology, prognostic factors and associated precursors.