Support for Skill Instruction (K-8)

Kindergarten

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• identify all upper and lower case letters
• identify consonant/vowel sounds
• recognize rhyming words
• write words based on sounds
• K level sight words

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• count objects to 30
• extend a simple pattern
• recognize numbers
• recognize shapes
• count forward 

1st Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• use phonics to decode simple words
• use blending and segmenting phonics techniques
• recognize high frequency sight words
• begin to recognize and self-correct reading mistakes
• make predictions before reading
• related prior knowledge to given reading
• identify story elements such as character, setting, plot
• ask questions before, during and after reading
• read aloud fluently
• summarize text
• tell a store with a beginning, middle and end

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• skip count by 2, 5, 10
• familiarity with place value/base ten system (tens, ones, hundreds, etc)
• understand concept of “odd” and “even” numbers
• describe parts of whole using basic fractions (½, ⅓, ¼ etc)
• solve one-step addition and subtraction problems
• turn a word problem into a number sentence (equation)
• use fact families to add and subtract
• measure length, width, weight
• identify money by shape, color, value
• count coins
• describe events in order from beginning to end
• identify two and three dimensional shapes

2nd Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• use a variety of strategies to read new words
• read aloud and silently
• self-correct while reading
• recognize high frequency sight words
• identify author’s purpose
• use photos, charts, diagrams and maps in text to inform understanding
• make predictions about texts based on title, photos, maps, diagrams in text
• summarize what they read in order from beginning to end
• identify main idea

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• compare whole numbers and basic fractions
• represent fractions using pictures
• put fractions in order from biggest to smallest
• solve two step addition and subtraction problems
• connect multiplication to repeated addition (show that 3x3 is the same as 3+3+3)
• quickly and accurately add and subtract
• estimate sums/differences
• measure height, weight, volume, temperature
• tell time on an analog (circular) clock
• count, compare, order sets of unlike coins
• show equivalent amounts of money
• identify and continue patterns

3rd Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• use strategies to break down and identify words (root words, inflection, prefix, suffix)
• use synonyms and antonyms (words that have the same and opposite definition)
• make various connections to text (connect the text to yourself, to other texts, and to the world)
• differentiate fact and opinion
• identify and interpret figurative language
• compare and contrast elements across texts
• identify and explain how a text is structured (sequential order, chronological order, problem/solution)
• identify theme, setting, conflict, characterization
• classify texts as nonfiction (factual) and fiction (contains some made-up elements) 

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• represent, order, and compare whole numbers and fractions
• compose and decompose numbers (123 = 100+20+3)
• identify the relationship between multiplication and division
• fluently solve basic multiplication and division facts
• solve multiplication and division word problems
• measure objects using standard units in the U.S. customary and metric systems.
• perform simple unit conversions within a system of measurement (e.g., three feet is the same as a yard)
• organize, describe, and make predictions from existing data
• represent data using tables and graphs such as tallies and bar graphs
• specify locations using a coordinate system
• describe the difference between congruence and similarity

4th Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• determine the meaning of a word in context when the word has multiple meanings
• use additional resources (e.g., newspapers, interviews, technological resources) as applicable to clarify meanings of unfamiliar words.
• infer cause/effect relationships in expository text (text that explains concepts)
• paraphrase/summarize information in a text. 

• use evidence in text to generate and confirm or reject hypotheses
• interpret concepts or make connections through comparison, analysis, evaluation, and inference
• identify metaphor, simile, onomatopoeia, and hyperbole in text.
• identify poetic devices (e.g., alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhyme scheme).
• make simple connections from the story to events or people in their own lives

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• identify prime numbers through 100.
• recognize equivalent representations for decimals and generate them by composing and decomposing numbers (e.g., 0.15 = 0.1 + 0.05).
• represent fractions as parts of unit wholes, as parts of a set, as locations on a number line, and as divisions of whole numbers.
• solve multi-step number sentences and word problems using whole numbers and the four basic operations.
• measure angles using a protractor or angle ruler
• develop and discuss strategies for estimating the perimeters, areas, and volumes of -regular and non-regular shapes
• create an accurate representation of a polygon with a given perimeter or area
• identify a number pattern, both increasing and decreasing, and extend the number sequence

5th Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• identify and interpret common idioms, similes, analogies, and metaphors
• demonstrate understanding of structure through the use of graphic organizers and outlining synthesize key points (ideas) and supporting details to form conclusions
• select reading strategies for text appropriate to the reader’s purpose
• predict how the story might be different if the author changed literary elements or techniques (e.g., dialect, setting, vocabulary)
• use comprehension strategies (e.g., association, categorization, graphic organizers) to enhance understanding
• make inferences and draw conclusions about contexts, events, character, and settings

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• place mixed numbers and decimals on a number line
• show equivalent representations of a number by changing from one form to another form (e.g., standard form to expanded form, fraction to decimal, decimal to percent, improper fraction to mixed number).
• solve number sentences and word problems using addition and subtraction of fractions with unlike denominators. 
• solve number sentences and word problems using addition and subtraction of decimals
• develop and use strategies to estimate computations involving familiar fractions and decimals
• estimate the perimeter, area, and/or volume of regular and irregular shapes and objects.
• classify two or three dimensional shapes according to their properties (e.g., regular and irregular, concave and convex, types of quadrilaterals, pyramids, and prisms).
• determine the distance between points along horizontal and vertical lines of a coordinate system

7th Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• read a variety of texts, including stories, poetry, drama, non-fiction, or informative texts
• analyze texts using quotes or examples from the text as evidence to support the analysis
• make inferences about texts and uses evidence from the text to support the inferences 
• understand the message or ideas in a text and uses evidence to support these claims
• understand, track the progress of, and summarize the main idea of a text, using evidence from the text
• analyze and explain the relationship between different elements such as character and setting
• analyze the impact of specific language and word choice used in a text
• understand how the different structures used in a text, such as poetry or drama, affect the text
• compare and contrast the different perspectives and points of views in a text
• determine the author’s point of view in a text using evidence from the text
• compare different versions such as a stage version, film, or audio version of a text, paying specific attention to the way in which elements such as lighting, scenery, or audio sounds affect the message of the text
• compare a historical account of an event, person, or place with a historical fiction text about the same period
• compare multiple texts written by different authors about the same topic and determines how their different perspectives are presented through their presentation of facts and the inferences they make

Subject: Writing

Selection of Basic Skills

• write arguments that present clear reasons and relevant evidence and include:
  • introductions;
  • acknowledgements of opposing claims;
  • logical and orderly presentations of reasons and evidence;
  • the use of appropriate transitions, words, and phrases to connect claims;
  • a concluding sentence or paragraph which supports the argument made; and
  • formal tone and style
• write structured and well organized opinion, research, and informative pieces that:
  • use supporting claims and evidence that are based on credible texts and resources;
  • include an introduction that has an explanation of what follows;
  • develop topics through the use of facts, detailed quotations, and examples and subject specific terms and definitions;
  • include transitions that connect concepts and paragraphs;
  • include a conclusion that supports the presented idea(s);
  • maintain a formal “essay type” style; and
  • integrate other forms of media and formats, such as graphs, charts, headings, and audio or video when appropriate
• write well-structured narratives (both true and fiction) that include:
  • a narrator, characters, and a point of view;
  • descriptive detail and sensory language to describe characters, settings, and experiences;
  • dialogue details and descriptions of characters, setting, and experiences;
  • a clear structure with a logical order and flow, as shown through the use of transition words; and
  • a conclusion that is connected to and builds on the narrative
• plan, revise, and edit writing, specifically with guidance from teachers and peers, focusing specifically on trying new approaches and making sure the writing has a purpose and appeals to its audience
• use technology and the Internet to produce and publish writing
• work with others and cite sources
• work on multiple, short research projects that answer a specific question and cite multiple sources, while gathering additional questions for later research
• use both print and digital resources to conduct research, focusing on using appropriate search terms and reliable sources
• uses quotes and a standard format for citation

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• solve equations using percentages that pertain to real-life examples, such as discounts, taxes, interest, and tips
• graph different proportions in order to compare them and analyze the steepness of the line that is graphed (which is referred to as the “slope”)
• use equations to show the relationship between proportions
• understand equations related to the distance between positive and negative numbers and negative and negative numbers
• understand that a positive and negative number can equal 0. For example, 2 + -2 = 0
• add, subtract, multiply, and divide negative numbers
• analyze scale drawings (drawings that represent real-life objects, such as cars or buildings and their measurements) in order to solve equations about them
• understand that an increase by 5 percent is the same thing as multiplying that number by 0.05
• solve multi-step equations that include different forms of numbers, such as fractions, decimals, and percentages
• Uses statistics specifically to understand and infer information about a group or sample as well as compare 2 different groups or samples
• graphs statistics and use the graph to further analyze a group(s) or sample(s)
• predict the probability of something based on collected data

8th Grade

Subject: Reading

Selection of Basic Skills

• evaluate the evidence in texts to determine the strongest supports of an idea and analysis
• determine the main idea or theme of a text using evidence from the text to support it
• provide an objective summary of a text
• understand, summarize, and track the progress of the main idea of a text, using evidence from the text
• analyze how elements such as specific dialogue, events, or word usage impact the characters, the decisions they make, and other events and actions in the text
• understand the use of language in a text, including figurative language, analogies, and allusions to other texts
• compare and contrast the different structures of texts including the structures of paragraphs and sentences
• analyze the difference between characters’ points of view and how these differences affect the text
• analyze the pros and cons of using different forms of text and media to present a topic or idea
• compare a text to a film or play version of a text, paying specific attention to the way in which the film or play veers from the text

Subject: Writing

Selection of Basic Skills

• write arguments that present clear reasons and relevant evidence and include:
  • introductions
  • acknowledgements of opposing claims
  • logical and orderly presentation of reasons and evidence
  • graphics, special formatting, and multimedia, when appropriate
  • support of the claims through the use of evidence from credible sources
  • a concluding sentence or paragraph that supports the argument made
  • a formal tone and style
• write structured and well-organized opinion, research, and informative pieces that:
  • use supporting claims and evidence based on credible texts and resources
  • provide an introduction that includes an explanation of what follows
  • develop topics through the use of facts, details, quotations, examples, and subject-specific terms and definitions
  • include transitions that connect concepts, events, and paragraphs
    • include transitions that connect concepts, events, and paragraphs
    • include a conclusion that supports the presented idea(s)
    • maintain a formal “essay type” style
    • integrate other forms of media and formats such as graphs, charts, headings, audio, or video when appropriate.
• writes well-structured narratives (both true and fiction) that include:
  • a narrator, characters, and a point of view
  • descriptive detail and sensory language to describe characters, settings, and experiences
  • dialogue, pacing, reflection, and details and descriptions of characters, setting, and experiences
  • thought-out word choice
  • a clear structure with a logical order and flow, as shown through the use of transition words and phrases and a logical sequence
  • a conclusion that is connected to and builds on the narrative
• plan, revise, and edit writing, specifically with guidance from teachers and peers, focusing specifically on trying new approaches and making sure the writing has a purpose and appeals to its audience
• use technology and the Internet to produce and publish writing, work with others, and cite sources
• works on multiple short research projects that answer specific questions and cite multiple sources, while gathering additional questions for later research
• uses both print and digital resources to conduct research, focusing on using appropriate search terms and reliable sources
• uses quotes and a standard format for citation

Subject: Math

Selection of Basic Skills

• solve linear equations, which are equations that make a straight line when graphed and are expressed as y = mx + b
• use linear expressions to compare data that has two variables
• compare the lines graphed by two linear expressions and determine whether they are parallel, intersecting, or the same
• understand that there are rational and irrational numbers
• solve equations with integers that are whole numbers, both positive and negative
• solve equations with radicals that are “roots,” such as square roots
• understand, compares, and solves equations with functions that are usually expressed as f(n) and represent the relationships between an input and an output
• learn the concept of congruence (equal length) and similarity (when two objects have the same angles and are proportionate) through the use of models, transparencies, or software
• understand and solve equations using the Pythagorean Theorem: a2 +b2 = c2
• solve equations about the volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres, specifically as applied in real-world ways

Sources

• https://www.emsd37.org/curriculum/grade-level-expectations
• https://www.scholastic.com/parents/school-success/school-success-guides/guide-to-6th-grade.html
• https://www.scholastic.com/parents/school-success/school-success-guides/guide-to-8th-grade.html
• https://www.khanacademy.org/